1. Animal Welfare Review – Dairy Reference Example Observation Calculation

2. Observation Planning ObservationGroups Observed Docked TailsClose-up, Fresh, High, Late pens Swollen Hocks/KneesClose-up, Fresh, High, Late pens Hygiene Close-up, Fresh, High, Late pens, Pre- weaned & Weaned calves Body Condition Scores Close-up, Fresh, High, Late pens, Pre- weaned & Weaned calves + Hospital (all) Stocking RatesFresh, High, Late, Hospital Footing (slips)(with locomotion scores) Locomotion Scores 2 milking pens (High & Late; ALL) + Calves (post-weaning) Parlor Behavior & Turn Time3 turns (heifers & cows)

3. Observation Planning GroupObservation* Close-up Dry Cows Tail docking, Hock/Knee Swelling, Hygiene, BCS Fresh Cows Tail docking, Hock/Knee Swelling, Hygiene, BCS Stocking Rate High Producing Cows Tail docking, Hock/Knee Swelling, Hygiene, BCS Stocking Rate Locomotion Scores & Footing Evaluation Mid-Late Lactation Cows Tail docking, Hock/Knee Swelling, Hygiene, BCS Locomotion Scores & Footing Evaluation Stocking Rate Hospital Pen Body Condition Score Stocking Rate Pre-weaned calves Tail docking, BCS, Hygiene, Hock/Knee Swelling, Navels Weaned calves Tail docking, BCS, Hygiene, Locomotion Scores & Footing Evaluation *Don’t forget Parlor Scores + Turn Times on 3 milking pens

4. Population Estimated Prevalence of Condition 10 %20 %50 % 10,000356196(or every 104 th animal) 5,000356195(or every 53 rd animal) 4,000356194(or every 43 rd animal) 3,000356094(or every 32 nd animal) 2,500356093(or every 27 th animal) 2,000356092(or every 22 th animal) 1,500355991(or every 16 th animal) 1,000345888(or every 11 th animal) 800345786(or every 9 th animal) 500335581(or every 6 th animal) 300325173(or every 4 th animal) 100263849(or every 2 th animal) 75243443 50212833 25151820 Sample Sizes  Use 50% prevalence as worst case scenario

5. Number of pens Number of Animals per Pen 50100125150175200225250300 301418202122 232425 2012141516 17 18 16101213 14 15 1491112 13 12910 11 10899999 8777888888 6566666666 4444444444 2222222222 Random Sampling of Pens  For individual calf hutches, evaluate 30% of hutches.

6. Determining observation numbers Far-Off Dry = 15% (150 cows)Fresh = 4% (40 cows) Close-up Dry = 5% (50 cows)High = 33% (330 cows) Hospital = 1% (10 cows)Mid & Late = 42 % (420 cows) Example: 1,000 cow dairy estimated herd profile  FODC = 1 pen  CUDC = 2 pens  Hospital = 1 pen  Fresh = 1 pen  High = 3 pens  Late = 5 pens Pen numbers

7. Example calculations: 1,000 cows CUDC 5 animals from 2 pens (88 *.06) Fresh 4 animals (88 *.05) High 35 animals from 2 pens (88 *.40) Late 44 animals across 3 pens (88 *.50)  Population = 1,000  Prevalence = assume worst case of 50%  Observation number (from table) = 88 animals  Spread 88 observations over groups designated by proportion  Account for numbers in observation groups only (subtract far off dry cows & hospital numbers ~16%) BCS, Hygiene, Tails, Hock/Knee Swelling Locomotion & Footing HighAll of 1 pen LateAll of 1 pen Stocking Rate FreshAll of 1 pen HighAll of 1 pen LateAll of 1 pen HospitalAll of 1 pen