2. Cellular Respiration It’s not breathing! Living Environment Mr. Wiley

3. 2.1. “ RESPIRATION ” The exchange of gases (Oxygen and carbon dioxide)between an organism and the environment. The life function which involves the transfer of glucose and oxygen into ATP OHOH OHOH H H HOHO CH 2 OH H H H OHOH O Cellular respiration Organism respiration the Respiratory System Glucose Mitochondria

4. Why do we need energy? Organisms also need energy when they are resting: - Brain uses ATP to maintain homeostasis - Transport molecules in and out of the cell - Keep our heart pumping blood around our body

5. adenosine TRI (3) phosphates ATP Energy ATP

6. ATP – ADP Cycle Summary ATP  ADP Energy is Released for life functions 1 phosphate Removed (Tri  Di) ADP  ATP ATP is created during the process of Cellular Respiration 1 phosphate Added (Di  Tri)

7. Two kinds of Cellular Respiration 2. Anaerobic Respiration An- not/without Aero- air Definition: making energy (Respiration) without oxygen What type of cells? Bacteria, Yeast (Fungus) Fatigued muscle Where does it occur? Cytoplasm 1. Aerobic Respiration Aero- air Definition: making energy (Respiration) with oxygen What type of cells? Plants and Animals Where does it occur? Mitochondria

8. Ingredients for Cellular Respiration NameFormulaProduct or reactant? Oxygen O2O2 Glucose C 6 H 12 O 2 Carbon Dioxide CO 2 Water H2OH2O Adenosine Triphosphate ATP Product- a substance that is the result of a reaction Reactant- a substance that is changed during a chemical reaction

9. O2O2O2O2 H2OH2OH2OH2O CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 Glucose +Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP AEROBIC respiration oxygen is used most living organisms (plants and animals) occurs in mitochondria Enzymes Makes 36 ATP each time!!! Enzymes- proteins that speed up or slow down chemical reactions.

10. Kreb’s Cycle (2 nd Stage) Electron Transport Chain (ETC; 3 rd Stage) Breaks down the 3 carbon pyruvic acid into a 1 carbon CO 2 Releases 2 more ATP Releases 32 more ATP

11. ANAEROBIC respiration = Fermentation NO oxygen is used bacteria, yeast and fatigued muscles Occurs in cytoplasm C 6 H 12 O 6 lactic acid + CO2 + 2ATP cytoplasm fatigued muscles C 6 H 12 O 6 ethyl alcohol + CO2 + 2ATP cytoplasm bacteria/yeast yeast and molasses (sugar/glucose) Gas= CO 2 LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION ALCOHOL FERMENTATION Makes 2 ATP!