1. What is the difference between these pictures? Every part of the model is in true proportion to the life- size object. This reduction is the basis for scale.

2. Scale: A measurement tool on a map which shows the relationship between the distance on a map and the actual distance on the earth's surface. A small distance on the map represents a much larger distance on the earth's surface.

3. Large Scale show a LARGE amount of detail over a small area i.e. scales of 1:50 000 and 1: 25 000 useful for hiking, military scouting, residential planning Small Scale show a SMALL amount of detail over a large area i.e. 1: 250 000 and 1: 50 000 used for political and physical maps

4. THREE TYPES OF SCALES 1) DIRECT STATEMENT SCALE 2) LINEAR SCALE 3) REPRESENTATIVE FRACTION (R.F) SCALE

5. 1. DIRECT STATEMENT SCALE Uses words to describe the relationship between a distance on a map and a specific distance on the earth's surface. For example 1 cm to 10 km → if you measure the distance between two places on a map and the distance was 1 cm then you know the actual distance between them is 10 km

6. 1. DIRECT STATEMENT SCALE Test Your Knowledge... Scale 1 cm = 10 km Distance between placesDistance on earth surface 3 cm 2 cm

7. 2. LINEAR SCALE A special kind of ruler which is divided into units of distance that represent the actual units on the ground. 0 10 20 30 40 KM

8. 3. REPRESENTATIVE FRACTION (R.F) SCALE A type of scale used on most topographic maps which is given as the ratio of the distance on the map to the distance on the ground This fraction is a ratio and is shown as follows: 1: 100 000 (One unit on the map represents 100 000 of the same units on the earth’s surface.) The units may be in any measure: Canada→cm USA→inches Why is this scale useful? Everyone in the world can use it regardless of language or the units of measurement in their country.

9. Representative Fraction (RF) 1:100000 means 1cm on the map represents 100,000 cm on the ground. To convert to km, divide the right side by 100,000 (since there are 100000cm in a km) TRICK: Since 100,000 has 5 zeroes you can move the decimal place 5 places to the left.

10. Representative Fraction (RF) CONVERT TO km 1: 100000 1cm :100000 = 1 100000 1cm represents 1km 1cm to 1km

11. Representative Fraction (RF) Convert to cm 1cm to 5km 1cm to (5 x 100000) 1cm to 500000cm 1:500000 TRICK: Our decimal place has moved 5 places to the right.

12. PRACTICE… Statement ScaleLinear ScaleRepresentative Fraction Scale 1cm = 12.5km __________ 0 60 120 180 km 1: 35 000

13. Answer the following questions in your notebook. Show your work. Making Connections pg. 48 – 49 Questions: 2a, 3a, 4, 5 6 (be sure to measure carefully!) 8, 10, 13 (show all work!) 14, 15 (problem solving)