1. Section P.3 Transformation of Functions

2. The Constant Function

3. The Identity Function and the Absolute Value Function

4. The Quadratic Function and the Square Root Function

5. The Cubic Function

6. The Cube Root Function

7. Vertical Transformations The function is shifted up or down. Vertical transformation occur outside the function and go with the sign.

8. Horizontal Transformations The graph is shifted left or right. Horizontal transformations occur inside the function and go against the sign.

9. Reflections A negative sign outside the function reflects the graph about the x-axis. A negative sign inside the function reflects the graph about the y-axis.

10. Vertical Stretches/Shrinks The graph stretches vertically when c > 1. The graph shrinks (or stretches horizontally) when 0 < c < 1. To stretch or shrink a graph, multiply the y-coordinate of the point by c.