1. Access Restriction Schemes (ARS) in European cities Summary of the DG MOVE study Andrea Ricci, ISIS Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

2. This presentation Rationale and objectives Facts and findings from –The city questionnaire –The stakeholders consultation Recommendations to the EU Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

3. Background and objectives ●ARS concept is spreading fast BUT ●High variety of heterogeneous approaches:  aims (air quality, efficiency, revenue generation, but also economic growth, health, safety, equity)  type of restriction (passengers Vs freight, vehicle technology, time slots)  instruments (regulatory/prescriptive, market based, information based)  technologies (ANPR, DSRC, GNSS/CN) Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

4. Background and objectives (2) ●Drawbacks (of heterogeneity):  High costs (no standardized approach)  Undesired discrimination ●Way forward  Facilitation of exchange of best practices  Promoting shared approaches and technological options (technical/organizational level)  Harmonization? Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

5. The European traveller: coping with a variety of schemes Vehicle usedEuro 3 Diesel car City ARome (IT)Zonal Based restriction Against the request of a temporary permit to be issued by the hotel where the foreign tourist will stay. City BFlorence (IT)Limited Traffic Zone Against the request of a temporary permit to be issued by the hotel where the foreign tourist will stay. City CMilan (IT)Area Licensed based Entrance allowed against payment of 5 Euros City DMunich (DE)Low Emission Zone Since the vehicle used is a Euro 3 Diesel a yellow sticker will be issued. City EPrague (CZ)Limited Traffic zone  No information on hypothetical access restriction scheme could be found. Czech access restriction rules cannot be easily appraised. City FBerlin (DE)Low Emission Zone Since the vehicle used is a Euro 3 Diesel a yellow sticker will be issued. Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

6. The European traveller: accessing the ARS information Level of information on ARS rules on the web Valencia (ES)No access restriction - Barcelona (ES)Limited Traffic Zone  Toulouse (FR)Point Based Access Restriction Scheme  Nantes (FR)Limited Traffic Zone  Strasbourg (FR)No access restriction - Stuttgart (DE)Low Emission Zone Hannover (DE)Low Emission Zone Krakow (PL)Limited Traffic Zone Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

7. Geographical coverage of cities Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

8. Basic indicators ●Type of scheme ●Primary objectives:  Traffic congestion reduction  Environmental conditions improvement  Earning money to be invested in local transport enhancement ●Vehicles targeted:  Private cars  Freight transport  Both of them ●Presence of a charge ●Time slot of enforcement:  24/7  Day time ●Identification of vehicles entering the restricted zone:  Manual  Stickers  Technological Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

9. Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

10. Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

11. Overview of web information available on ARS rules Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

12. Identification and assessment of environmental and socio-economic impacts ●Each scheme has been analyzed in terms of:  Environment  Network  Economy  Acceptability  Equity  Livability ●Very large information gaps for the most part regarding environmental aspects, economic issues and livability. Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

13. Distribution of decrease in vehicles entering the restricted zone in percentage terms The area licensed based schemes together with the cordon based ones exhibit a mean value decrease of 23%, while the point based schemes, that are generally limited to specific small locations and not spread across the network, can achieve percentages of decrease in vehicles crossing the charging points definitely more significant – in the cases considered close to 73% on average. Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

14. Possible contributions of an Access Restriction Scheme Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

15. Study on Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 28 th September 2010 Most effective Access Restriction Schemes

16. Study on Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 28 th September 2010 Social categories most affected by an Access Restriction Scheme

17. Recommendations to the EU Regulation and harmonisation –To develop a harmonizing guidance to assist cities in their decision making process concerning the possible adoption of ARS (which criteria to consider, which impacts to assess, etc.). The guidance could be in the form of an on-line resource, accessible through a flexible, hyperlink-based query system. –To actively promote – notably in the framework of the UN-ECE-led enforcement process of the Vienna convention of 1968 - a standardized nomenclature for signals, symbols, and in general concepts and instruments associated to urban access restriction schemes. –To require Member States to explicitly include all legal provisions behind access restriction measures in the national Road Codes. –To require from Member States that the EURO class is explicitly mentioned in the vehicle papers –To establish standardized rules for the verification and certification of vehicle performances, notably in the context of retrofits Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

18. Recommendations to the EU To issue guidance on recommended best practice for the assessment of ARS, including notably: –A recommended evaluation framework to ensure the necessary level of comprehensiveness (i.e. covering all important impact areas) –Standard definitions for key assessment indicators and of the corresponding metrics –Monetary valuation parameters (or/and methodologies) to be used in Cost Benefit Analyses –Recommended minimum data requirements for the main ARS impact areas (e.g. traffic levels inside and outside the restricted zone, travel time to cross the restricted zone for private and public transport, pollution levels with main focus on local effects such as PM10 and NOx, accident rate inside the restricted area) –Methodological guidance on how to conduct surveys, how to carry out consultation exercises, etc. Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011

19. Recommendations to the EU Information management –To establish a comprehensive information resource, publicly available, providing updated information on ARS, in the form of a single window also allowing for interactive vehicle registration and charge payment. Governance –To establish a permanent advisory group to regularly review ARS developments and accordingly recommend actions to enhance best practice exchange Funding –To fund the development of large scale ARS demonstrators, with explicit emphasis on the generation of high quality impact data Standards –To consider the gradual introduction of stricter EURO standards for vehicles in operation as an alternative to access restriction for older vehicles Urban Access Restrictions Brussels, 2 nd March 2011