1. Driver Performance: Personal Factors Topic 1 -- Introduction to Alcohol – Saying No Topic 2 -- Nature of Alcohol-Related Crash Problems Topic 3 -- Physiological and Psychological Effects of Alcohol Topic 4 -- Effects of Alcohol and Other Drugs on the Driving Task Topic 5 -- Dealing with Driver Fatigue Topic 6 -- Preventing Road Rage Module Seven Virginia Department of Education Provided in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles

2. Zero Tolerance If you are under the age of 21 – in any state in the U.S. - you cannot purchase, consume, or possess alcohol. –Possess = in your hand, in your car, etc, but also in your body

3. Administrative License Suspension If your BAC is.08 percent or higher while you are driving and law enforcement charges you with driving under the influence of alcohol/drugs or refusing a breath test, your driving privilege will be automatically suspended: –For seven days, for a first offense –For 60 days or until you go to trial, which ever comes first, for a second offence –Until the trial, for a third DUI offense

4. Implied Consent When you use a public road, you give law enforcement officials permission to test you for alcohol use if arrested on suspicion of drinking and driving It is the law in 50 states Test will determine BAC: blood alcohol concentration In Virginia:.08% BAC is DWI (driving while intoxicated or DUI (driving under the influence

5. Alcohol’s Effect on Your Future Alcohol is a term used for the chemical substance ethanol, grain alcohol, and ethyl alcohol. Alcohol is chemically ethanol. Alcohol is a drug – classified as a depressant. It is one of the most abused drugs because it is legal, easy to obtain, and socially acceptable. Effects of Alcohol –Powerful and dangerous drug –Most widely abused drug in the US –Start using to be more social –Easy to become addicted

6. Responsibilities To yourself –Protect your own health –Stop yourself and others from drinking and driving To your friends –Don’t let them drink and drive –Take the keys –Call parents –Peer Pressure

7. Symptoms of a Problem Drinker Changes in a person’s behavior –Loss of initiative –Frequent lateness / absenteeism –Loss of friends –Trouble with the law Health Problems –Liver Failure (cirrhosis) –Heart Disease –Inflammation of the pancreas –Cancer –Brain Damage

8. Intoxicated What does it mean? -Being under the influence of alcohol -Being “drunk” -Being “buzzed” -Enough alcohol is in your system to make your BAC above the legal limit.

9. Costs of Drinking & Driving in VA Topic 1 Lesson 1 T – 7.1a PROCESS OFFENDER’S TIME & COSTS TIMECONSEQUENCES/COSTS Traffic Stop, Field Test3 – 5 HoursIf juvenile, parents notified Arrest, Breath Test Booking Magistrate Reviews1 – 2 HoursAfter booking: Immediate 7 day Incident Reportsuspension of Driver’s License (Setting Bond, Booking) Posting BailWill be held till$500 Unsecured sober to Minimum 4 hours$2500 Secured Car Towed1 – 2 Hours$100 Towing Fee (unless there is another sober driver in vehicle) Source: Thomas von Hemert - Thomas Jefferson Area Community Criminal Justice Board

10. Costs of Drinking & Driving in VA Topic 1 Lesson 1 T – 7.1b PROCESSTIMECONSEQUENCES/COSTS OFFENDER’S TIME & COSTS Return to General1 – 2 HoursTime lost from work or school District Court after 7 days to retrieve Driver’s License Hiring an Attorney1 – 3 Hours$112 – Court Appointed meeting with to counsel/retaining$1500 - $4000 – Private Counsel counsel Appearing in Court1 – 3 Hours per2 days work/school missed Court appearance (Minimum 2 appearances) Source: Thomas von Hemert - Thomas Jefferson Area Community Criminal Justice Board

11. Costs of Drinking & Driving in VA Topic 1 Lesson 1 T – 7.1c PROCESSTIMECONSEQUENCES/COSTS OFFENDER’S TIME & COSTS Paying Court Costs License can/will beCourt Cost = $164 suspendedFine = $250 - $1000 depending on Felony Conviction offense classLoss of Voting Rights & Right to Bear Arms Jail Time0 –12 Months0 - $500 Fine (depends on BAC.20 BAC has a mandatory and number of5-day jail & $250 fine previous con-.25 BAC has a mandatory victions: can be10-day jail & $250 fine mandatory)2 nd offense within 5 years has a mandatory 5-day jail and $500 fine PLUS: If a juvenile is in car = $500 fine and 5-day jail Source: Thomas von Hemert - Thomas Jefferson Area Community Criminal Justice Board

12. Costs of Drinking & Driving in VA Topic 1 Lesson 1 PROCESS TIME & COSTS TIMECONSEQUENCES/COSTS T – 7.1d Trip to DMV for1 – 2 Hours $120 Fee for required restricted Restricted Driver’s license License for 12 months Driver’s License marked with (1 st offense) a BIG Red letter R for restricted Attend Alcohol SafetyMinimum 20 hours $350 plus $25 per sighted drug Action Program ten week alcohol screen as required plus any (ASAP)education course other treatment costs Notify Insurance Co.Must apply for $1000 - $2,000 increase in car SR22 on Driver’s insurance per year License (3-5 years) Obtain Non-restricted1 – 2 Hours at DMV $10 fee Total Cost: $5,000 - $20,000 The costs in time, money and lives for drinking and driving is HUGE! Remember drinking & driving is illegal at any age. Source: Thomas von Hemert - Thomas Jefferson Area Community Criminal Justice Board

13. Evaluating Impairment Involves Making personal decisions about alcohol and the driving taskMaking personal decisions about alcohol and the driving task Analyzing the alcohol-related safety problemAnalyzing the alcohol-related safety problem Understanding the physiological and psychological effects of alcohol on the driving taskUnderstanding the physiological and psychological effects of alcohol on the driving task Studying the effects of other drugs on the driving taskStudying the effects of other drugs on the driving task Understanding driver fatigue and the dangers of road rageUnderstanding driver fatigue and the dangers of road rage T – 7.2 Topic 1 Lesson 1

14. Blood Alcohol Concentration Factors T – 7.3 Topic 3 Lesson 1 Liquor Beer Weight (blood volume)Weight (blood volume) Time Spent DrinkingTime Spent Drinking GenderGender FoodFood Alcohol ContentAlcohol Content Size of DrinkSize of Drink Wine BAC is the mathematical ratio of the percentage of alcohol in the blood stream. Factors affecting BAC

15. BAC Factors T – 7.4a Topic 3 Lesson 1 Weight Heavier people have more blood and other body fluids to dilute alcohol consumed. 0.04 0.08 220 lbs 110 lbs Wine Liquor Time Spent Drinking 90% of the alcohol detoxified is oxidized (burned up) by the liver 10% is eliminated in breath, urine, and sweat Beer Their BAC level will be lower than the BAC of a smaller person who drank the same volume of alcohol. On average, a person’s BAC is oxidized at a rate of 0.015 per hour NOTE: Alcohol is toxic to the liver and brain. Hence, the term intoxication denotes the toxic effect alcohol has on these organs.

16. BAC Factors T – 7.4b Topic 3 Lesson 1 Liquor Gender Women process alcohol at a slower rate than men. This is because they usually weigh less and produce less of the enzyme dehydrogenase needed by the liver to break down alcohol. Men also have a higher percentage of body fluids which dilutes the alcohol. Food Beer The amount of food in your stomach does very little to reduce the effect alcohol has on the brain and liver. However, food does coat the lining of the stomach and slows absorption into the blood stream. Note: When alcohol is mixed with carbonated beverages the absorption rate is faster because gases are absorbed faster than liquids. Wine

17. Are They The Same ? Topic 3 Lesson 1 Liquor BeerBeer WhiskeyWhiskey WineWine CoolerCooler MargaritaMargarita T – 7.5 Beer Wine Myth A “DRINK” is: a 12-ounce beer, a 4- to 6-ounce glass of wine, or a shot of liquor. Fact A “DRINK” is ½ an ounce of alcohol.

18. Are They the Same? Beer Whiskey Wine Cooler Mixed Drink

19. Drink Equivalents T – 7.6a Topic 3 Lesson 1 %OuncesDrinkAlcohol 4.2 12Beer.50 oz. 6.1 8Beer.48 oz. 10 5Wine.50 oz. 14 3.5Wine.49 oz. 40 1.25Liquor*.50 oz. 50 1.0 Liquor.50 oz. 75.67Liquor.50 oz. NOTE: One half of the proof of the liquor equals the percentage of alcohol.

20. How Much Alcohol Do They Contain? Topic 3 Lesson 1 T – 7.6b BeverageAlcohol % Beer3 – 11 % Wine8 – 25 % Liquor26 - 75.5 % Pure Grain Alcohol95 – 100 %

21. How Much Light Beer? Based on light beer with 4.2% alcohol by volume consumed in 1 hour. NOTE: The alcohol content of light beer varies from 3.3 to 4.4 %. T – 7.7 Topic 3 Lesson 1 LightBeer WeightOz. Light BACOz. Light BAC Oz. Light BAC Beer Beer Beer 200 180 160 140 120 100 0.03 22 oz. 20 oz. 18 oz. 16 oz. 14 oz. 11 oz. 0.05 37 oz. 33 oz. 30 oz. 27 oz. 22 oz. 20 oz. 0.07 52 oz. 46 oz. 41 oz. 37 oz. 32 oz. 28 oz. MALE 200 180 160 140 120 100 18 oz. 16 oz. 14 oz. 12 oz. 10 oz. 7 oz. 30 oz. 27 oz. 22 oz. 20 oz. 18 oz. 16 oz. 41 oz. 37 oz. 32 oz. 28 oz. 26 oz. 21 oz. FEMALEFEMALE 0.03 0.05 0.07

22. Elimination Rate Topic 3 Lesson 1 T – 7.8 Myth The average person can tolerate one drink per hour without substantial impairment. Facts Sobriety returns ONLY with time.Sobriety returns ONLY with time. Alcohol is eliminated at approximately.015 BAC per hour.Alcohol is eliminated at approximately.015 BAC per hour. Titanic Principle If you take in more than your system can pump out, sooner or later you’ll sink!

23. Elimination Rate Topic 3 Lesson 1 T – 7.9a Example Based on 1 drink per hour for 6 hours 150 lb male BAC in (6 hr. x.03) =.18 BAC out (6 hr. x.015) =.09 BAC after 6 hr. (.18 -.09) =.09 BAC remaining 150 lb female BAC in (6 hr. x.033) =.198 BAC out (6 hr. x.015) =.09 BAC after 6 hr. (.198 -.09) =.108 BAC remaining

24. Elimination of Alcohol ELIMINATION PROCESS An adult male with normal liver function eliminates Breath Urine Sweat } 10% LIVER 90% about 0.015 BAC per hour. Therefore:BAC of 0.05 = 3.5 hours for removal BAC of 0.07 = 5.0 hours for removal BAC of 0.10 = 7.0 hours for removal BAC of 0.15 = 10.0 hours for removal T – 7.9b Topic 3 Lesson 1

25. HRS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Elimination Rate Stops Drinking at 12:30am.16 = BAC Peak at 1 am Still legally INTOXICATED (.08) at 6 am Still IMPAIRED (.05) at 9:30AM ABSORPTIONELIMINATION BAC T – 7.10 Topic 3 Lesson 1

26. Affects Persons Differently T – 7.12 Topic 3 Lesson 2 Personality Because people have unique personalities alcohol affects everyone differently. Alcohol can affect an individual in various ways depending upon the drinker’s mood when consuming the alcohol. Experience The inexperienced driver is at extreme risk when alcohol is involved. Tolerance Many drinkers develop an ability to mask the effects alcohol has on their brain and body. This ability, however, has NO affect on their intoxication level. Liquor Wine Beer

27. Affects Persons Differently T – 7.13a Topic 3 Lesson 2 Medication The chemical reaction between alcohol and other drugs can produce an effect that is much greater than that of alcohol or other drugs when taken alone. Weight Heavier people have more blood and body fluids to dilute the alcohol. Therefore, their BAC will be lower than that of a smaller person who consumed the same volume of alcohol. Age Age The neurological development of the brain continues until a person is in their 20’s. The risks of impairing memory and learning capacity can be severely affected by the use of alcohol during adolescence. Fatigue Alcohol is a depressant. It will compound the effect of fatigue. Liquor Wine Beer

28. BAC Levels Affect the Brain Topic 3 Lesson 2 T – 7.14.01 -.05 Reduces Inhibitions Impairs Judgment Gives a False Sense of Confidence Weakens Willpower.05 -.10 Slows Reaction Time Reduces Coordination and Balance Affects All Driving Skills.10 -.20 Slurred Speech Blurred Vision Impaired Judgment, Memory and Self- Control.20 -.35 Physical Abilities Become Severely Impaired Mental Confusion Unconsciousness, Blackouts or Stupor are Common.35 - higher Subnormal Temperature Little or No Reflexes Breathing May Stop DEATH NOTE: “Chugging” large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time can result in respiratory paralysis and death.

29. Alcohol Effects & You HEART - Decreased contractibility, Increased diastolic blood pressure, swelling, congestive heart failure STOMACH - Irritates lining, increases acidity, causes gastritis and ulcers BRAIN - Long-term: Destruction of brain nerve cells and memory loss ATTENTION - Affects ability to comprehend multiple things at once, BIG DRIVING PROBLEM MEMORY - Reduces ability to store and retain info. Even at.03 BAC “BLACK OUTS” EMOTIONS - Emotional control decreases; as alcohol increases = less control AGGRESSION - Behavior is enhanced; alcohol mixed with competition = ROAD RAGE

30. How Much Alcohol Do They Contain? BeverageAlcohol % Beer3 – 11 % Wine8 – 25 % Liquor26 – 75.5 % Pure Grain Alcohol95 – 100 %

31. Effects of Alcohol Amount of DrinkAlcohol in BloodTypical Effects 1 Drink0.03 %Slight changes in feeling, may affect coordination 2 Drinks0.06 %Slight decrease in fine skills, less concern with minor 3 Drinks0.09 %Diminishment of fine motor skills, exaggerated emotions, talkative, noisy 4 Drinks0.12 %Impairment of fine coordination, clumsiness, slight to moderate unsteadiness in standing / walking 5 Drinks0.15 %Intoxication – unmistakable abnormality of bodily functions and mental faculties

32. BAL – Blood Alcohol Level BAC – Blood Alcohol Concentration DUI – Driving Under the Influence (.02-.08) DWI – Driving While Intoxicated (.08 and higher) Field Sobriety Tests – A battery of tests given when one is suspected of a DUI Nystagmus – involuntary eye movement Ignition Interlock – device put into a car for habitual DUI offenders Alcohol Related Vocabulary

33. Mental Effects of Alcohol Affects part of the brain that controls the ability to reason –Affects judgment – first thing affected –False message: Makes you think you are thinking clearly –Affects inhibitions: what stops you from going to far …. Disregarding consequences

34. Physical Affects of Alcohol First thing lost is judgment –What is judgment? –Why do you need it? –Why do you need it while driving? –What happens when judgment is impaired?

35. Physical Effects of Alcohol Reaction Time – 2 nd thing affected/lost –2 or more drinks : physically slower, less alert –May be impaired after one drink Coordination – 3 rd thing affected/lost –Movement sloppy and uncoordinated –Can’t make split second decisions –Step on brakes too late … or miss them

36. Physical Effects of Alcohol Vision – 4 th thing effected/lost –Affects eyes’ reflex action that controls the size of the pupils –Drinker’s eyes are not protected against headlight glare –Temporary blindness results –Impairs side & color vision –May cause double vision

37. Physical Effects of Alcohol Depth & Perception –Alcohol affects the ability to judge –Can’t tell where cars around them are –Can’t judge how far things are Speed Perception –Can’t tell how fast a car is approaching –Distorted sense of speed

38. Myths and Facts About Alcohol Myth: Alcohol makes people feel better when they are down in the dumps Fact: Alcohol is a depressant or a downer –Can make you feel worse than before Myth: Sometimes because of peer pressure at a party, there is no other choice but to drink Fact: You ALWAYS have a choice –If you do drink, never drive –Always have a designated driver –Make arrangements to get a ride

39. Myths and Facts About Alcohol Myth: The average person can tolerate one drink per hours without substantial impairment Facts: Sobriety only returns with TIME. Alcohol is eliminated at approximately 0.015 BAC per hour. Myth: These can help you sober up quickly: black coffee, a cold shower, exercise Fact: Body can only burn ½ ounce of alcohol per hour. Nothing can speed up the process.

40. Tests for Intoxication Chemical analysis of blood or urine can measure BAC Breath-testing device can measure percentage of alcohol in breath Field Sobriety tests are a battery of roadside test given by a police officer VIRGINIA has Zero Tolerance for drivers under the age of 21

41. Tests for Intoxication If your BAC is under the legal limit, police can still stop you and administer the tests You can still be charged with a DUI/DWI Drivers who refuse the test will have their license suspended whether convicted or not

42. Alcohol Affects Persons Differently Fatigue – Alcohol is a depressant. It will compound the effect of fatigue. Medication – The chemical reaction between alcohol /drugs can produce an effect that is much greater than alcohol /drugs taken alone. Weight – Heavier people have more blood and body fluids to dilute the alcohol. Therefore, the BAC will be lower than that of a smaller person who consumed the same volume of alcohol. Age - The neurological development of the brain continues until a person is in their 20’s. The risks of impairing memory and learning capacity can be severely affected. Tolerance – Many drinkers develop an ability to mask the effects of alcohol has on their brain and body. Personality – Because people have unique personalities alcohol effects everyone differently. Experience – The inexperience driver is at extreme risk when alcohol is involved.

43. Alcohol Statistics Between 10pm – 2am one out of ten drivers are drunk. DUI crashes happen every 23 minutes Nationwide. Social Drinkers are most often arrested for DUI’s. 50% of Drivers arrested are social drinkers 21% of people between the ages of 15-20 that are killed in crashes are intoxicated

44. Ignition Interlock What is it? –Small, hand-held one piece alcohol sensor that is wired into a vehicle’s electrical system and requires a breath test before allowing the vehicle to be started How does it work? –Driver blows into it and it measures their BAC to determine if it is above or below a set point. If it is above, the unit will not allow the car to start. If below, once vehicle starts, it requires random retests every 20-60min during the operating of the vehicle. If driver fails test, unit causes the car’s headlights to flash and horn to honk continually.

45. Alcohol and Space Management Alcohol and Space Management Searching AlcoholAlcohol narrows the field of visionnarrows the field of vision lessens visual acuitylessens visual acuity impedes the ability to distinguish colorsimpedes the ability to distinguish colors reduces the ability to rapidly change focus from close to farreduces the ability to rapidly change focus from close to far may produce double vision by relaxing the muscles that control the eyesmay produce double vision by relaxing the muscles that control the eyes reduces the ability to judge distance accuratelyreduces the ability to judge distance accurately After drinking, a driver may tend to stare at the center line.After drinking, a driver may tend to stare at the center line. T –7.16 Topic 4 Lesson 1

46. Alcohol and Space Management T – 7.17 Topic 4 Lesson 2 Evaluating Alcohol impairs judgment diminishes the ability to process multiple variables lessens the ability to concentrate

47. Alcohol and Space Management Topic 4 Lesson 2 T – 7.18 Executing Alcohol causes changes in coordination slows reaction time affects the ability to judge distance a drinking driver may perceive something as further away than it is affects ability to judge speed drinking driver may be unable to judge speed of approaching traffic

48. Drugs and Driving  Perception  Judgment  Coordination  Vision  Mood T – 7.19 Topic 4 Lesson 4

49. Drugs and Driving Perception – this involves vision, hearing, etc. Perception – this involves vision, hearing, etc. Judgment - Poor judgments often result in collisions. Depressants and hallucinogens may greatly impair judgment. Judgment - Poor judgments often result in collisions. Depressants and hallucinogens may greatly impair judgment. Coordination – Drivers must coordinate hand, eye, and foot movements to successfully operate a vehicle. Coordination – Drivers must coordinate hand, eye, and foot movements to successfully operate a vehicle. Vision – Vision is key to the SEEit process and safe driving. Visual impairments make it difficult to predict, decide and execute. Narcotic drugs and cocaine have shown to lessen visual ability. Vision – Vision is key to the SEEit process and safe driving. Visual impairments make it difficult to predict, decide and execute. Narcotic drugs and cocaine have shown to lessen visual ability. Mood –Marijuana and depressants can produce such moods. Mood –Marijuana and depressants can produce such moods.

50. Other Drugs Affect Driving Ability Any drug can have a harmful effect on driving skill It depends on the type of drug May decrease ability to make sound decisions or respond to situations May change the way you think

51. Over-the-counter Drugs Drugs which can be purchased legally without a prescription –Cold, headache medicines Read package carefully Know the side effects Look for warnings – “Do not drive after using”

52. Marijuana The active ingredient THC (delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol) impairs  memory and learning  perception (sight, sound, time, touch)  problem-solving ability  motor coordination  tracking ability  concentration More research needs to be conducted to determine marijuana’s effects on brain function 8, 16 and 24 hours after smoking. T – 7.20 Topic 4 Lesson 4

53. Other Types of Drugs and Driving Other Types of Drugs and Driving Over the Counter Medications That Affect Driving Ability Over the Counter Medications That Affect Driving Ability Tranquilizers – agents including Valium have effects similar to alcohol and can cause driving task misjudgments. Tranquilizers – agents including Valium have effects similar to alcohol and can cause driving task misjudgments. Stimulants – hallucinations, paranoia, increase distractibility and over-reliance to ward off fatigue. Stimulants – hallucinations, paranoia, increase distractibility and over-reliance to ward off fatigue. Narcotics – Often used as pain relievers, narcotic drugs dull the senses and may produce inattention to driving. Narcotics – Often used as pain relievers, narcotic drugs dull the senses and may produce inattention to driving. Blood Pressure Insulin Insulin Prescription Medications T – 7.21 Topic 4 Lesson 4 Antihistamines Cold Medications

54. Fatigue Fatigue is the general term used to describe the experience of feeling sleepy, tired, or exhausted when driving a vehicle. Body’s Natural Downtime: Midnight to 6am and 1pm to 3pm

55. Preventing Fatigue Good nights sleep. Pull over and stop. Napping. Nutrition. Stay hydrated. Affects of medication. Adjust environment. Radio usage. Do not use cruise control.

56. Fatigue is:  The Body’s “Downtime”  Midnight to 6am & 1pm to 3pm  Follows a Period of: Extended mental activity Extended physical activity  Characterized by:  Reduced capacity for work  Reduced efficiency of brain function  Caused By Emotional Stress Sleep Disorders Disruption of Cicadian Rhythm Disruption of Cicadian Rhythm Definition of Fatigue T – 7.22 Topic 5 Lesson 1

57. Physical Symptoms of Fatigue  Tired Muscles  General Body Sensation of Tiredness  Sleepiness  Mental Dullness  Localized Pain in Back of Head  Pain and Soreness in Muscles  Stiffness in Joints  Swelling of Hands and Feet T – 7.24 Topic 5 Lesson 1

58. Symptoms of Fatigue Heavy eyelids. Tired or sore eyes. Poor concentration. Yawning. Restlessness. Drowsiness. Slow reaction. Boredom. Feeling irritable. Missing road signs. Having difficulty staying in the lane/over steering.

59. Mental Symptoms of Fatigue T – 7.25 Topic 5 Lesson 1  Inability to Maintain Attention  Impaired Memory  Failure to Grasp New Ideas  Difficulty/Slowness in Reasoning

60. Delaying Fatigue Onset  Avoid Long Drives  Avoid Leaning Forward or Backward  Keep Your Eyes Moving  Get Plenty of Fresh Air  Change Drivers at Regular Intervals  Wear your Seat Belt  Avoid Getting Angry  Adjust HVAC Properly T – 7.26 Topic 5 Lesson 1

61. Driver Distractions – Inside the Vehicle Eating or drinking Other occupants in the vehicle Moving object in the vehicle Dialing, talking or answering a cell phone Adjusting the Radio Picking up a dropped object Using vehicle devices or controls

62. Driver Age Group Distractions Drivers under age 20 are more likely than older drivers to be identified as distracted at the time of their crash 20-29-year-olds use a cell phone frequently 30-49-year-olds eat and drink 50 plus drivers are more distracted by outside objects and events

63. Distractions – Texting While Driving Virginians who send text messages or emails while driving will be violating the law and will face a $20 fine. The fine is $20 for a first offense and $50 for a second offense. The new law banning texting and emailing exemptions: – emergency vehicle operators, –drivers reporting an emergency or a driver who is parked.

64. When Distractions Lead to Collisions High Risk Drivers tend to have higher levels of: –No hands on the steering wheel –Their eyes directed inside rather that outside the vehicle –Their vehicles wander in the travel lane or cross into another travel lane

65. All Too Typical…

66. Cell Phones & Wireless Devices Virginia drivers younger than 18 years of age may not operate a motor vehicle while using a cellular telephone or other wireless communications devices (IPOD, CD Player). –Law prohibits the use of cell phones, even if they are considered to be hands- free. It also prohibits text-messaging while driving. Except in a driver emergency or when the vehicle is lawfully parked or stopped, drivers 18 years and younger may not use a cellular telephone or other wireless telecommunications device. The ban on cell-phone usage while driving is considered a secondary violation, similar in Virginia to safety belt laws.

67. Emotions Emotions affect the way you think and act, and can therefore affect the way you drive. They can change the way you make decisions and can affect the safety of you and other drivers. Can lead you to accept more or less risk Minimize the effect by using courteous driving strategies

68. Mental Effects of Emotions Strong emotions such as anger and sadness can conflict with your ability to think and reason This can cause you to make rash decisions while on the road and have poor judgment You may focus on one thing and ignore others, causing you to miss important information

69. Physical Effects of Emotions Physical effects include faster heartbeat, faster breathing, muscle tightening, and slowed digestion Emotional stress can make you tired Situations such as traffic can cause stress

70. Passengers and Emotions Peer pressure can be a strong force Passengers can strongly influence the way you drive Drivers must be a leader and take control!

71. How would you feel if this driver cut into your lane?

72. Anger While Driving Anger is the most common driving emotion. A driver may get angry when another driver makes a bad driving decision. Large amounts of anger can result in aggressive actions, collectively known as “road rage”.

73. Controlling Emotions Anticipate stressful situations Yield to aggressive drivers Adjust route to avoid traffic If you are tired, take extra care in handling emotions Learn from your mistakes Remember to be a courteous driver

74. Aggressive Driving/Road Rage T – 7.27 Topic 6 Lesson 1 Most Crashes are NOT Accidents They are often the result of drivers whoThey are often the result of drivers who speed;speed; tailgate;tailgate; run red lights;run red lights; weave in and out of traffic; orweave in and out of traffic; or vent frustrations or emotions in the vehicle.vent frustrations or emotions in the vehicle.

75. Topic 6 Lesson 1 T – 7.28a Factors Leading to Aggressive Driving/Road Rage More CarsMore Cars More Traffic CongestionMore Traffic Congestion More FrustrationMore Frustration More StressMore Stress More HostilityMore Hostility More ViolenceMore Violence

76. Three Types of Aggressive Drivers Three Types of Aggressive Drivers complainingcomplaining rushingrushing competingcompeting resistingresisting yellingyelling cussingcussing staringstaring honkinghonking insultinginsulting cutting offcutting off blockingblocking chasingchasing fightingfighting shootingshooting T – 7.29 Topic 6 Lesson 1 Quiet Road-Rage: Verbal Road-Rage: Epic Road-Rage: AAAAAGHH!!! YOU’RE TOO SLOW~MOVE!!! What’s the hold up!!! Come on, HURRY UP LET’S GO!!!

77. Signs of an Aggressive Driver Racing to beat a yellow light Racing to beat a yellow light Tailgating to pressure a driver to go faster to get out of the way Tailgating to pressure a driver to go faster to get out of the way Flashing lights to signal driver to move out of the way Flashing lights to signal driver to move out of the way Weaving in an out of traffic Weaving in an out of traffic Cutting people off Cutting people off Behaving impatiently with slower drivers Behaving impatiently with slower drivers Honking the horn or screaming Honking the horn or screaming Speeding Speeding Not coming to a complete stop at stop signs Not coming to a complete stop at stop signs Making gestures Making gestures Passing on shoulder or unpaved areas Passing on shoulder or unpaved areas T – 7.30 Topic 6 Lesson 1

78. Do You Drive Aggressively? In “Total Aggression” Constantly ridiculing and criticizing other drivers to self or passengersConstantly ridiculing and criticizing other drivers to self or passengers Closing gap to deny entry into your laneClosing gap to deny entry into your lane Giving the “look” to show your disapprovalGiving the “look” to show your disapproval Speeding past another car or revving engineSpeeding past another car or revving engine T – 7.32 Topic 6 Lesson 1 HURRY UP LET’S GO, MOVE IT!!!

79. Do You Drive Aggressively? In “Total Aggression” Prevent others from passing youPrevent others from passing you Tailgating to pressure a driver to go faster or get out of your wayTailgating to pressure a driver to go faster or get out of your way Fantasizing physical violenceFantasizing physical violence Honking, yelling through the windowHonking, yelling through the window Making visible insulting gesturesMaking visible insulting gestures T – 7.33 Topic 6 Lesson 1 What are you, an IDIOT?!

80. Do You Drive Aggressively? In The “Violence” Area Carrying a weapon just in case… Deliberately bumping or ramming Trying to run a car off the road to punish Getting out of the car, beating or battering someone Trying to run someone down Thoughts of killing someone Shooting at another car T – 7.34 Topic 6 Lesson 1

81. Preventing Road Rage T – 7.35 Topic 6 Lesson 1 Road Rage A Societal Condition Where Motorists Become Violent in Reaction to Traffic Disturbances or Driver BehaviorA Societal Condition Where Motorists Become Violent in Reaction to Traffic Disturbances or Driver Behavior

82. Preventing Road Rage Topic 6 Lesson 1 T – 7.36 If Confronted by an Aggressive Driver Avoid horn useAvoid horn use Don’t block the passing laneDon’t block the passing lane Don’t tailgateDon’t tailgate Keep music at a reasonable levelKeep music at a reasonable level Avoid eye contactAvoid eye contact Try to get out of the wayTry to get out of the way Put your pride in the back seatPut your pride in the back seat Ignore gestures and refuse to return themIgnore gestures and refuse to return them

83. Preventing Road Rage T – 7.37 Topic 6 Lesson 1 Don’t Respond -- Stay COOL. Don’t react to other drivers’ aggressive actions.Don’t Respond -- Stay COOL. Don’t react to other drivers’ aggressive actions. Don’t Engage -- Stay away from vehicles driving recklessly.Don’t Engage -- Stay away from vehicles driving recklessly. Don’t Up the Ante -- Don’t take traffic problems personally.Don’t Up the Ante -- Don’t take traffic problems personally. Swallow Your Pride -- Take a courteous and helpful attitude toward other drivers.Swallow Your Pride -- Take a courteous and helpful attitude toward other drivers. Choose the Road “LESS Traveled” -- Avoid aggressive drivers by traveling less congested roadways.Choose the Road “LESS Traveled” -- Avoid aggressive drivers by traveling less congested roadways.

84. Preventing Road Rage  Controlling Emotions --  Controlling Emotions -- Smiles and courtesy can minimize feelings of hostility. T – 7.38 Topic 6 Lesson 2  Responding to Errors -- A  Responding to Errors -- Assume other drivers’ mistakes are not personal and be polite and courteous even if the other driver is not.  Making Errors --  Making Errors -- Expect other drivers to make mistakes.  Response to problems --  Response to problems -- Tell yourself to take a few deep breaths and say: “I won’t let this get to me.”