2. Please start putting bell ringers on a separate piece of paper. Please staple any assignment together. If pieces of the assignment get lost I will not be responsible for what’s missing.

3. WSII Chapter 7; Section 1 The French Revolution Begins

4. The Big Question Why is it important to understand the French Revolution?

9. The Old Order -France was divided into three social classes or estates

11. The Privileged Estates -2 of the estates had privileges

12. -this means access to high office and exemptions from paying some taxes

13. -Roman Catholic Clergy formed the first estate -They owned 10 percent of the land in France

14. What did the clergy do for society that might justify their low tax rate? Provided education and relief to the poor.

15. -The second Estate was French Nobles -20 percent of the land and virtually no taxes

16. -both of these groups hated the enlightenment

17. The Third Estate -This is about 97 percent of the people -3 groups in 1

18. -The first was the Bourgeoisie (middle class) -bankers, factory owners, merchants, professionals

19. How was the bourgeoisie unlike the other groups within the Third Estate? They were wealthier and better educated.

20. -loved the enlightenment (well educated) -Paid high taxes, just as rich as the nobles

21. -The second was the workers -they were the poorest

22. -Finally, the Peasants -80 percent of the 26 million people in France

24. SECTION 1 The Roots of Revolution

26. The Forces of Change -besides the poor people, there were a lot of enlightenment ideas floating around Enlightenment Ideas -Members of the third estate were Inspired by the American Revolution

27. -Quoting Rousseau and Voltaire they began demanding equality, liberty and democracy

28. Economic Troubles -It did not help that in the 1780’s France’s economy was in decline

29. -Even though the economy seemed good, the heavy tax burden was killing people Then drought caused bread’s price to double in 1789 starving people.

30. -France had huge debt thanks to King Louis XVI and his queen Marie Antoinette( daughter of the Austrian Empress Maria Theresa) -heavy borrowing for the American Revolution

31. - He did not pay attention to his advisers, but he did listen to his spoiled wife

32. -XVI’s solution: Tax the Nobility

33. Why do you think Louis chose to raise taxes on the nobility? They had more wealth than the clergy & lower taxes than the Third Estate.

34. Factors of Discontent Population explosion – more people need more food Food scarcity – several years of poor harvest Higher rents Inflation Class resentment No political power Inequality

35. Dawn of the Revolution -Each of the Estates had 1 vote

36. The National Assembly -The third estate’s views were shaped by the enlightenment - They wanted a more representative system of rules since they had more delegates than the other two combined.

37. - After a long night of debate, the third estate (June 17, 1789) passes the resolution (National Assembly)-this was a deliberate act of revolution

38. -The next day Louis XVI locked them out of the assembly hall

39. -They broke down the door to what was also an indoor tennis court and signed an oath to stay until they had signed a new constitution -This was called the Tennis court oath

40. Storming the Bastille -Louis had called in his mercenary Swiss army to keep order

41. -On July 14 a group looking for weapons stormed the Bastille a Paris prison

43. Great Fear Sweeps France -Rebellion spread to the countryside

44. -October 1789 Parisian women riot to avoid paying for expensive bread -The women marched on Versailles demanding bread wielding pitchforks

45. -Louis and Marie go back to Paris and never ever again return to Versailles