1. Chapter 18.2 The French Revolution Unfolds Liberty Equality Fraternity

2. Focus Q: February 17 What are 3 things you have accomplished that you are most proud of?

3. Vocab review 1.Work in pairs 2.draw a picture and make a simile for any vocab term 3.put on board, students guess what term it is

4. What you’ll learn… 1.Debt, hatred for Marie Antoinette, famine lead to many revolts. 2.National Assembly creates a constitution modeled after the D. of Independence. TQ 3.National Assembly creates a new govt: limited monarchy. TQ 4.Radicals take over the revolution. FR declares war on Austria, Prussia, BR, SP.

5. Why this is important…… 1.FR has gone from a monarchy to a limited (constitutional) monarchy and soon will be a republic w/no king. 2.The radicals in power will execute their opponents on the guillotine during the FR REV’s radical phase.

6. 4 Phases of French Revolution 1.Moderate Phase 1789-1791: this section National Assembly turns FR into a constitutional monarchy 2.Radical Phase 1792-1794 End of monarchy, Reign of Terror 3.Directory 1795-1799 Reaction against extremism 4.Age of Napoleon 1799-1815

7. Political Crisis Leads to Revolt 1.Political crisis of 1789 and horrible famine hit at same time 2.Many peasants flock to cities—inc. #’s of unemployed 3.Grain prices rise—spend up to 80% of income on bread Why would grain prices rise?

8. The French Urban Poor What can you infer about FR Society? How are they different than you?

9. Factions Compete for Power in Paris 1.Moderates led by Marquis de Lafayette Heads National Guard, middle class militia, started when royal troops enter Paris 1 st to wear tricolor—red, white, blue patch 2. Radicals—Paris Commune— replaced royal govt in Paris Could mobilize whole neighborhoods for protests or violent actions

10. Factions Compete for Power in Paris 3.More radical—newspapers and political clubs Demand an end to monarchy Spread scandalous stories about royal family and court

11. The Tricolor (1789) The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris. Ruling family in Europe

12. National Assembly Ends Feudalism 1.August 4, 1789 Nobles vote to end their privileges by giving up: (they’d already lost these) Give up manorial dues from peasants No exclusive hunting rights Special legal status Exemption from taxes 2.Meets Enlightenment goal: equality of male citizens before the law

13. Declaration of the Rights of Man August 1789 1.**modeled on Dec. of Independence** 2.1 st step towards a constitution  All men born free and equal  Have natural rights: liberty, property, security, resistance to oppression  All male citizens are = before the law  Right to hold public office  Freedom of religion, taxed on ability to pay

14. Declaration of the Rights of Man, August 1789 3.Women were disappointed Some will protest and be jailed or executed 4.Louis XVI did not want to accept the reforms of the National Assembly 5.Slogan: Liberty,, equality, fraternity Olympe de Gouges

15. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen August 26, 1789  Liberty!  Property!  Resistance to oppression!  Thomas Jefferson was in Paris at this time.

16. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Posed New Dilemmas 1.Did women have equal rights with men? 2.What about free blacks in the colonies? 3.How could slavery be justified if all men were born free? 4.Did religious toleration of Protestants and Jews include equal political rights?

17. Check for understanding What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man modeled after? Can you name any rights in The rights of man?

18.  All men born free and equal  Have natural rights: liberty, property, security, resistance to oppression  All male citizens are = before the law  Right to hold public office  Freedom of religion, taxed on ability to pay

19. Women March on Versailles October 5, 1789 1.6000 women, march 13 miles from Paris to Versailles 2.“BREAD!” they shouted, demanded to see the king 3.Much of their anger directed at Marie Antoinette (Louis XVI’s wife) 4.Against reforms, bored w/ court life 5.Often went to her own chateau, at Versailles, and lived a life of amusement

20. March of the Women, October 5-6, 1789 We want the baker, the baker’s wife and the baker’s boy! A demonstration of Parisian women for bread.

21. Women March on Versailles October 5, 1789 **women refuse to leave until Louis XVI returned to Paris**, he does 1.Moves to a royal palace—virtual prisoner for for 3 years Marie Antoinette

22. Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant Cottage”

24. Check for understanding What did these women demand? That Louis XVI return to Paris

25. National Assembly follows Louis to Paris 1.Mostly Bourgeoisie, they work hard to write a constitution **to pay off the huge govt debt, they (NA) vote to take over and sell church lands**

26. Church Placed Under State Control Civil Constitution of the Clergy 1790 1.Ends papal authority over FR church 2.Priests, bishops are elected, salaried officials 3.Many priests, bishops don’t cooperate 4.Many peasants reject the change

27. Const. of 1791 Makes New Govt. **sets up a limited monarchy** 1.Legislative assembly has power to: Make laws, collect taxes Decide issues or war and peace Lawmakers elected by male taxpayers over age of 25

28. Const. of 1791 Makes New Govt. 3.Moderates thought the revolution was over Equality of all male citizens Church out of govt. It put power in the hands of men w/ the means and leisure to serve in govt What kind of new govt?

29. Check for understanding How did the National Assembly propose to begin to pay off France’s huge debt? Take over and sell church lands

30. The French Constitution of 1791: A Bourgeois Government  The king got the “suspensive” veto [which prevented the passage of laws for 4 years].  He could not pass laws.  His ministers were responsible for their own actions.  A permanent, elected, single chamber National Assembly.  Had the power to tax.  An independent judiciary.

31. The French Constitution of 1791: A Bourgeois Government  “Active” Citizen [who pays taxes amounting to 3 days labor] could vote vs. “Passive” Citizen.  1/3 of adult males were denied the franchise.  Domestic servants were also excluded.  A newly elected LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. GOAL  Make sure that the country was not turned over to the mob!

32. Louis’s Escape Fails 1.Marie and the kids wanted to escape 2.June 1791 they dash for the border in a carriage disguised as: 3.Louis—servant, Marie—governess 4.Busted…….someone held up currency w/ Louis’s face on it 5.Some see Louis as a traitor to the Revolution

33. The Royal Family Attempts to Flee  June, 1791  Helped by the Swedish Count Hans Axel von Fusen [Marie Antoinette’s lover].  Headed toward the Luxembourg border.  The King was recognized at Varennes, near the border

34. Reaction to Revolution is Mixed Throughout Europe: 1.Supporters of the Enlightenment liked the reforms: voting rights, limit power of king 2.Nobles and rulers did not like the idea of giving up some of their power 3.Many rulers block borders to stop the “spread” of the revolution

35. Radicals Fight for Power, Declare War 1.1791 working class men and women demand an end to monarch—want a republic 2.They are called “sans-culottes”—w/o breeches—they were long pants 3.April 1792—National Assembly—led by radicals declares war on European Absolute monarchs—Austria, BR, Prussia, and more

36. Sans-culottes What’s the deal w/ the long pants?