2. Expository Writing August 5, 2010

3. Standard ELA8W1. The student produces writing that establishes an appropriate organizational structure, sets a context and engages the reader, maintains a coherent focus throughout, and signals a satisfying closure. ELA8W1. The student produces writing that establishes an appropriate organizational structure, sets a context and engages the reader, maintains a coherent focus throughout, and signals a satisfying closure.

4. The Procedures Paragraph 5-7 Sentences Paragraph 5-7 Sentences Follow Writing Process Follow Writing Process Write final draft in pen only! Write final draft in pen only! On final draft double space or skip lines between sentences. On final draft double space or skip lines between sentences. Do not write on the back of final drafts. Do not write on the back of final drafts.

5. Writing Topic Write a 6 paragraph passage that compares and contrasts the planets Neptune and Venus. Write a 6 paragraph passage that compares and contrasts the planets Neptune and Venus. Write an introductory Paragraph Write an introductory Paragraph Write a paragraph describing Neptune Write a paragraph describing Neptune Write a paragraph describing Venus Write a paragraph describing Venus Write a paragraph describing their similarities. Write a paragraph describing their similarities. Write a paragraph describing their differences. Write a paragraph describing their differences. Finally write concluding paragraph. Finally write concluding paragraph.

6. Expository Writing Video United Streaming Essential Questions 8-11-2010 1. What is expository writing? 2. What are examples of expository writing? 3. What is a thesis? 4. How can you organize expository writing? 5. How can an effective introduction help your reader?

7. UNDERSTANDING PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE

8. WHAT IS A PARAGRAPH? Paragraphs are basic structural units of extended prose writing. A paragraph can identify an idea, develop it with examples and details and reinforce with a conclusion.

9. FORMATTING PARAGRAPHS In a work written by hand always indent the first line of the paragraph. In a work typewritten and double-spaced, always indent the first line of the paragraph. In a work typewritten and single- spaced, a new paragraph is set off from the previous one by double- spacing.

10. WHY PARAGRAPHS? A new indentation is a sign that a new idea will begin, or the thoughts on the page will now change direction.

11. PARAGRAPH LENGTH A paragraph rarely has only one sentence. Usually it has five to eight sentences of varying lengths, all focused on one main idea.

12. THE TOPIC SENTENCE The main idea of the paragraph is expressed in a single sentence called the topic sentence, which is often the first sentence of the paragraph. All other sentences in the paragraph relate to the ideas of the topic sentence, as well as to each other.

13. EXPOSITORY PARAGRAPHS Expository paragraphs have a definite structure that helps to organize complicated thoughts logically. Their structure makes it easy to explain things.

14. EXPOSITORY PARAGRAPHS The expository paragraph structure encourages you to: prioritize your ideas find support for these ideas order that support so that it makes sense.

15. THE STRUCTURED EXPOSITORY PARAGRAPH Begin with a topic sentence that’s broad enough to include all the ideas of the paragraph, but narrow enough to be limited to a single paragraph. Ex. Overloading your schedule with too many hours of class may cause you to achieve less than you hoped

16. SUPPORTING IDEA The topic sentence is then developed by the first of two supporting ideas: First, you may spend so many hours attending class that you have very little time for the research and homework that university classes require.

17. Example The supporting idea is then developed with an illustration: Felicia, a mother of twins, added extra hours of class to her schedule because she wanted to finish her degree as soon as possible. However, the extra hours gave her no time at all to study, and she had to re-sit a course, thus losing time instead of gaining it.

18. ANOTHER SUPPORTING IDEA Now comes the next supporting idea for the topic sentence: Second, the extra classes may require group work The words first and second add cohesion to the paragraph, showing that the supporting ideas relates to the topic sentence.

19. ANOTHER ILLUSTRATION The second supporting idea needs an illustration: A student who is in class every hour of the day finds it very difficult to meet with other members of the group. This is frustrating to both the stressed student and the group members, who may become hostile. The grade for the whole group may suffer.

20. THE CONCLUDING STATEMENT A concluding sentence ties up the thoughts and drives home the main idea: Thus, consider carefully the number of courses you sign up for; an overload may spell disaster.

21. EXPOSITORY PARAGRAPH SCHEME Topic sentence Supporting idea Illustration(s) Supporting idea Illustration(s) Conclusion

22. EXPOSITORY PARAGRAPH SCHEME Topic sentence Supporting idea (Supporting idea) Conclusion Another paragraph scheme may look like this:

23. VARIETY, THE SPICE OF LIFE The model structure of the paragraph is like the basic design of a cabinet or dress, or like a favourite recipe. Once you have mastered it, you can vary it to suit your purpose and audience.

24. My name Write a brief passage explaining your name? Write a brief passage explaining your name? Who named you? Who named you? Why? Why? What does your name mean? What does your name mean? How do you feel about your name? How do you feel about your name?

25. August 18, 2010 Write a brief passage about your history as writer. Write on page 6 of writing Explorations. Write a brief passage about your history as writer. Write on page 6 of writing Explorations. (These are ideas you may consider. However, you are to write a paragraphs not just answer these questions) How did you learn to write? How did you learn to write? Do you enjoy writing? Why or why not? Do you enjoy writing? Why or why not? What type of things do you like to write about? What type of things do you like to write about? How do you think becoming a better writer will help you in the future. How do you think becoming a better writer will help you in the future.

26. Summarization August 19, 2010

27. Standard Standard ELA8W2. The student demonstrates competence in a variety of genres. C: Creates an organizing structure appropriate to purpose, audience, and context. d. Develops the topic with supporting details. e. Excludes extraneous and inappropriate information.

28. Essential Questions How can you exclude extraneous and irrelevant statements from your writing? How can you exclude extraneous and irrelevant statements from your writing? How can combining sentences make your writing more coherent? How can combining sentences make your writing more coherent? What is a summary? What is a summary?

29. Summarization A summary is a paragraph or article that briefly explains a longer paragraph or article. A summary is a paragraph or article that briefly explains a longer paragraph or article. Using a graphic organizer to prepare the main points is a great way to prepare for a summary. Using a graphic organizer to prepare the main points is a great way to prepare for a summary. When writing a summary we tell the most important information in our own words. When writing a summary we tell the most important information in our own words.

30. Combining Sentences Learning to combine sentences can make your writing more concise and condense it. Learning to combine sentences can make your writing more concise and condense it. Sentence combining helps the writer avoid repeating words. Sentence combining helps the writer avoid repeating words. When we combine sentences we take two or more sentences and make them one. When we combine sentences we take two or more sentences and make them one. Example: Leonardo was a talented Artist. Leonardo was a brilliant scientist Example: Leonardo was a talented Artist. Leonardo was a brilliant scientist

31. Combining Sentences Combining with a conjunction: Use a comma and one of the following conjunctions. Combining with a conjunction: Use a comma and one of the following conjunctions. For For And And Nor Nor But But Or Or Yet Yet So So Combing without a conjunction use a semicolon to join two sentences. ;

32. Introductory and Concluding Sentences Does this sentence grab the reader’s attention? Does this sentence grab the reader’s attention? Does this sentence bring it to a conclusion? Does this sentence bring it to a conclusion?

33. Prepositions/ Prepositional Phrases Standard: Standard: ELA8C1 The student demonstrates understanding and control of the rules of the English language.

34. Essential Question How can the use of prepositions improve your writing? How can the use of prepositions improve your writing?

35. What is a prepositional phrase United Streaming Video United Streaming Video

36. Common Prepositions About About Above Above Across Across After After Against Against Along Along Among Among Around Around As As At At Before Before Behind Behind Beneath Beneath beside beside Between Between By By Down Down During During For For From From In In Inside Inside Into Into Near Near Of Of Off Off On On Onto Onto Out Outside Over Through to Under Until Up With Without

37. Example Essay on Cleopatra. Essay on Cleopatra.

38. Write a summary: Read the article on Leonardo da Vinci. Use the Graphic organizer to compose your Ideas. Then write a summary of the article in your writer’s notebook. Read the article on Leonardo da Vinci. Use the Graphic organizer to compose your Ideas. Then write a summary of the article in your writer’s notebook.

39. Standard Standard ELA8W2. The student demonstrates competence in a variety of genres. C: Creates an organizing structure appropriate to purpose, audience, and context. d. Develops the topic with supporting details. e. Excludes extraneous and inappropriate information. Standard: Standard: ELA8C1 The student demonstrates understanding and control of the rules of the English language.

40. Essential Question How can we use prepositional phrases to combine sentences? How can we use prepositional phrases to combine sentences?

41. Standard: ELA8W2 Page 145 Define the following terms (IN YOUR OWN WORDS) in the glossary section of your writer’s notebook. You may write in pencil for this assignment only. Define the following terms (IN YOUR OWN WORDS) in the glossary section of your writer’s notebook. You may write in pencil for this assignment only. 1. Expository Writing 2. Engaging the Reader 3. Precise 4. Topic Sentence 5. Supporting Details 6. Closing Sentence

42. Combining Sentences using prepositional phrases 1. Our class went on a field trip. 2. We went to the Palomar Observatory at the California institute of technology. 3. Our class went on a field trip to the Palomar Observatory at the California Institute of Technology. COMBINED

43. Combining Sentences using prepositional phrases 1. Our class went on a field trip. 2. We went to the Palomar Observatory at the California institute of technology. 3. Our class went on a field trip to the Palomar Observatory at the California Institute of Technology. COMBINED

44. Combining Sentences using prepositional phrases 1. The family went skiing. 2. It was a cold winter day. 3. They went to the Hudson Mountain. 4. On a cold winter day, the family went skiing at Hudson mountain. COMBINED

45. Combining Sentences using prepositional phrases 1. The family went skiing. 2. It was a cold winter day. 3. They went to the Hudson Mountain. 4. On a cold winter day, the family went skiing at Hudson mountain. COMBINED

46. Combining Sentences using prepositional phrases 1. The wheelchair basketball team plays its next demonstration game on Wednesday. 2. The name of the team is the Portland Wheelblazers. 3. The game will be played at Cedar Hills Recreation Center. 4. The team will play the Rockford Chariots. 5. 5. On Wednesday, at Cedar Hills Recreation Center, the Portland Wheelblazers will play a demonstration game of wheelchair basketball against the Rockford Chariots. COMBINED

47. You try it: Combine the following groups of sentences using prepositional phrases. Answers only! 1. We waited outside the movie theater. We were in line a long time. We were with our friends. 2. My report is due soon. It’s about Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. It’s due Friday. 3. I like sandwiches for lunch. I like sandwiches with ham, cheese, and lettuce. 4. She pried the lock. She used a nail file. She took the file from her backpack.

48. Varying Sentence Structure References © 2001 by Ruth Luman

49. Standard ELA8C1 The student demonstrates understanding and control of the rules of the English language. b. Analyzes and uses simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences correctly, punctuates properly, and avoids fragments and run-ons.

50. Essential Question How can varying sentence structure improve your writing?

51. Adding Variety to Sentence Structure To make your writing more interesting, you should try to vary your sentences in terms of length and structure. You can make some of your sentences long and others short. Read the two paragraphs on the next page.

52. Two Paragraphs Read the paragraphs below. Choose the paragraph that is more effective. I love living in the city. I have a wonderful view of the entire city. I have an apartment. I can see the Golden Gate Bridge. I can see many cargo ships pass under the bridge each day. I like the restaurants in San Francisco. I can find wonderful food from just about every country. I don’t like the traffic in the city. I love living in the city of San Francisco. I have a wonderful view of the entire city from my apartment window. In addition, I can see the Golden Gate Bridge under which many cargo ships pass each day. I also like San Francisco because I can find wonderful restaurants with food from just about every country; however, I don’t like the traffic in the city.

53. How do you vary sentence structure? You will want to use a variety of sentence structures in your writing. There are three types of sentences we will study in this lesson: - Simple Sentence - Compound Sentence - Complex Sentence

54. The Simple Sentence A simple sentence has one independent clause (one subject and a verb): I live in San Francisco. Subject Verb

55. Compound Sentence A compound sentence contains two independent clauses that are joined together. She works in the city, but she lives in the suburbs. Independent Clause

56. Compound Sentence You can make a compound sentence by joining two logically related independent clauses by using… - a semicolon - a coordinating conjunction - a transition

57. Using a Semicolon Independent Clause ; Independent Clause I love living in the city ; there are so many things to do. Independent Clause

58. Using a Coordinating Conjunction Independent Clause,coordinating conjunction Independent Clause He couldn’t watch the show, so he decided to tape it. Independent Clause

59. Coordinating Conjunctions Logical RelationshipCoordinating Conjunction AdditionAnd ContrastBut, yet ChoiceOr, nor CauseFor ResultSo

60. FANBOYS For  F And  A Nor  N But  B Or  O Yet  Y So  S Another way to remember these is…

61. CAUTION! Do NOT use a comma every time you use the words and, or, but, nor, for, so, yet. Use a comma only when the coordinating conjunction joins two independent clauses. Independent Clause No comma- not an independent clause The necklace was beautiful but expensive. Simple Sentence

62. Using a Transition Independent Clause ; transition, Independent Clause I love San Francisco ; however, I hate the traffic. Independent Clause

63. RelationshipTransition AdditionMoreover Furthermore In addition besides Reinforcement/EmphasisIndeed In fact ContrastHowever On the contrary In contrast On the other hand Result or EffectConsequently Accordingly Thus Hence Therefore As a result

64. Reinforcement/EmphasisIndeed In fact ExemplificationFor example For instance In particular ExemplificationFor example For instance In particular TimeMeanwhile (at the same time) Subsequently (after) Thereafter (after) RelationshipTransition

65. John cannot set up his typewriter because the wall has no outlet. Complex Sentences A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause. Independent Clause Dependent Clause Subordinating Conjunction

66. Example- Complex Sentence A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause. She will go to school in the city until she finds a job. Independent Clause Dependent Clause Subordinating Conjunction

67. When I first moved to the city, I was afraid to drive the steep and narrow streets. Complex Sentences Use a comma after a dependent clause if it begins the sentence. Subordinating Conjunction Independent Clause Use a comma if the dependent clause is the first part of the sentence.

68. Eliminating Redundancy When information in a summary is repeated we call this redundancy. We an avoid this by combining sentneces.

69. Example: Bill Cosby is funny. Bill Cosby makes people laugh. Bill Cosby is a comedian. Bill Cosby is a very funny comedian.

70. Practice Exercises Worksheet

71. Standard ELA8W2. The student demonstrates competence in a variety of genres. C: Creates an organizing structure appropriate to purpose, audience, and context. d. Develops the topic with supporting details. e. Excludes extraneous and inappropriate information.

72. Expository Writing Prompt What are the good things and bad things about living in your town? Explain with coherent reasons and examples. Today: Complete T Chart Use Graphic Organizer to Map Essay.

73. Today October 5, 2010 What are the good things and bad things about living in your town? Explain with coherent reasons and examples. Use the information found on your graphic organizer to write the closing paragraph in your writer’s notebook. You should have: 1 Introduction 3 Body Paragraphs 1 Closing

74. 10/7/2010- Expository If you had the opportunity to meet any person (living or dead) who would it be? Why would you choose that person? And what would you want to say to them? 4 Paragraphs Intro 2 Bodies Closing