2. Similarities / Differences Develop very similar structures of sex glands Develop very similar structures of sex glands Manufacture the hormones of the other sex. Manufacture the hormones of the other sex. Hormones of one sex are often used to treat illness in the other sex. Hormones of one sex are often used to treat illness in the other sex. Both sexes have reproductive organs call GENITALS or GENITALIA, designed for the purpose of intercourse and conception. Both sexes have reproductive organs call GENITALS or GENITALIA, designed for the purpose of intercourse and conception. Only the female has organs for pregnancy and childbirth. Only the female has organs for pregnancy and childbirth.

3. External Male Reproductive Testosterone: the male reproductive hormone made by the testicles which causes the changes of puberty Penis: the organ that transfers sperm to female Scrotum: pouch-like sac holding both testicles in a separate compartment that hang underneath the penis; regulates temperature Testicles – Testes Gland: two glands in the male, located in the scrotum, which produce male hormones (testosterone)

4. 1.Vas Deferens (singular): two tubes leading from the epididymis to the seminal vesicles that transports sperm 2.Bladder: stores urine until urination takes place 3.Prostate Gland: secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm during ejaculation and is expelled with sperm as semen 4.Urethra: a tube that connects with the Vas Deferens to carry sperm cells out of the body through the shaft of penis; also transports urine stored in bladder 5.Penis: male organ used for urination and sexual intercourse Cowper’s Gland

5. 6.Testicle (testes): primary function is to produce sperm and testosterone 7.Scrotum: sac-like structure that contains the testicles 8.Cowper’s Gland: located below the prostate and discharge fluid to cleanse the urethra prior to ejaculation (pre-cum) 9.Epididymis: the structure that forms a mass over the back and upper part of each testes (comma stroke) and stores mature sperm until ejaculated 10.Seminal Vesicles: provide energy (nutrients) in liquid form for sperm (part of seminal fluid) Cowper’s Gland

6. Swimming for your life A sperm is a tiny package with a big responsibility – to fertilize the egg and create a human life. So that tiny package is loaded with “gear” for its important journey. A few facts: Daily sperm production by a healthy man: 10 million to 50 million Contents of average ejaculation: 50 million sperm; 25 million moving; 20 million deformed Maturation: 72 days Average swimming speed of a sperm: 8 inches per hour Survival time in a woman: 2 to 7 days

7. Other related concerns Circumcision: A process that surgically removes the flap of skin (called the foreskin) that covers the glans of the penis Circumcision: A process that surgically removes the flap of skin (called the foreskin) that covers the glans of the penis Ejaculation: when semen carrying sperm spurts out of penis Ejaculation: when semen carrying sperm spurts out of penis Semen: the thick, sticky fluid which contains sperm ejaculated by the male from the penis during orgasm (climax) Semen: the thick, sticky fluid which contains sperm ejaculated by the male from the penis during orgasm (climax) Nocturnal Emissions: normal, involuntary ejaculation of semen and sperm while a male is asleep Nocturnal Emissions: normal, involuntary ejaculation of semen and sperm while a male is asleep Impotence: the failure to get or maintain an erection Impotence: the failure to get or maintain an erection Vasectomy: surgical procedure for sterilization of the male where each Vas Deferens is cut to prevent sperm from leaving epididymis Vasectomy: surgical procedure for sterilization of the male where each Vas Deferens is cut to prevent sperm from leaving epididymis

8. External Female Anatomy Vulva: woman’s external genital area. Vulva: woman’s external genital area. Pudendum or Pubes: the area in the body where the sex organs are located. Pudendum or Pubes: the area in the body where the sex organs are located. Mons Pubis: a mound of fatty tissue which covers the pubic bone. Mons Pubis: a mound of fatty tissue which covers the pubic bone. Labia Majora: (large lips) two folds of skin running from the mons pubis to below the vaginal opening Labia Majora: (large lips) two folds of skin running from the mons pubis to below the vaginal opening Labia Minora: two smaller folds of tissue which lie just within the labia majora. Labia Minora: two smaller folds of tissue which lie just within the labia majora. Clitoris: a small, pea-shaped bump at the front of the labia that contains erectile tissue (counter Clitoris: a small, pea-shaped bump at the front of the labia that contains erectile tissue (counter part to male penis.) part to male penis.) Urethra: below the clitoris, the opening to the bladder. Urethra: below the clitoris, the opening to the bladder.

9. Internal Organs Fallopian Tubes (Oviducts): two tubular structures leading from the ovaries to the uterus; place where sperm fertilizes egg Ovary (ovaries): organs holding a woman’s eggs Uterus: place where the baby grows in a woman’s abdomen; blood from lining shed during menstruation (period) Cervix: Opening from the uterus to the vagina; must dilate 4” (10cm) and efface (thin) during labor Vagina: passageway between the uterus and the outside of a woman’s body; also called birth canal Fallopian Tube

10. Internal Organs Hymen: a narrow fold of tissue encircling the entrance to the vagina Clitoris: a small sensory organ, is located toward the front of the vulva where the folds of the labia join Labia Majora: large folds of skin known as the outer lips; cover the labia minora and vaginal opening Urethra: the canal that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body Labia Minora: two soft folds of skin between the labia majora and to either side of the opening of the vagina Vagina (vaginal opening): where penis enters vagina; and baby leaves the woman’s body

11. Internal Organs Anus: opening that allows feces to leave the rectum Rectum: is about eight inches long and serves, basically, as a warehouse for poop Episiotomy: also known as perineotomy, is a surgically planned incision on the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall during second stage of labor to widen opening for baby to be birthed

14. Other related concerns D&C: dilation and curettage, a common minor operation on women; lining of uterus is scraped away D&C: dilation and curettage, a common minor operation on women; lining of uterus is scraped away Endometriosis: fragments of the endometrium (lining of uterus) in abnormal places Endometriosis: fragments of the endometrium (lining of uterus) in abnormal places Orgasm: characterized by the massive release of muscle tension which has built up during excitement Orgasm: characterized by the massive release of muscle tension which has built up during excitement Dysmenorrhea: painful menstruation Dysmenorrhea: painful menstruation Hysterectomy: surgical removal of uterus Hysterectomy: surgical removal of uterus

15. Tubal Ligation: an operation for sterilization of women where fallopian tubes are cut or tied preventing egg and sperm uniting Tubal Ligation: an operation for sterilization of women where fallopian tubes are cut or tied preventing egg and sperm uniting PMS: premenstrual syndrome PMS: premenstrual syndrome Menstrual Cycle: the process of building uterine lining (endometrium), shedding lining, and passing the blood and tissue lining of the uterus from the body Menstrual Cycle: the process of building uterine lining (endometrium), shedding lining, and passing the blood and tissue lining of the uterus from the body Toxic Shock Syndrome: caused by bacteria that live in the vagina, which then multiply and causes infection Toxic Shock Syndrome: caused by bacteria that live in the vagina, which then multiply and causes infection Menopause: the remaining ova no longer ripen or develop; estrogen production stops Menopause: the remaining ova no longer ripen or develop; estrogen production stops

16. Estrogen: the hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics and for the sex drive in females. The “egg producing” hormone. Estrogen: the hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics and for the sex drive in females. The “egg producing” hormone. Progesterone: builds up the lining of the uterus to prepare it for the fertilized ovum.; the “egg-setting” hormone. Progesterone: builds up the lining of the uterus to prepare it for the fertilized ovum.; the “egg-setting” hormone. Ovulation: time when the egg is released from the ovary. Ovulation: time when the egg is released from the ovary.

17. Fertilization (conception): a sperm entering an ovum. Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FHS): a substance which brings to life a few of the ovum in one of the ovaries Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FHS): a substance which brings to life a few of the ovum in one of the ovaries Luteinizing Hormone (LH): causes the follicle to burst, and allows ovum to fall into the opening of the fallopian tube Luteinizing Hormone (LH): causes the follicle to burst, and allows ovum to fall into the opening of the fallopian tube Ova –plural, Ovum—singular: the female reproductive cell Ova –plural, Ovum—singular: the female reproductive cell Ovaries: organs holding a woman’s eggs Ovaries: organs holding a woman’s eggs

18. Timelines Male Time Line: InfancyErections begin Ages 11-14Secondary sex characteristics appear (facial and pubic hair; testes & pubic hair; testes & penis grows) penis grows) Ages 13-16Sperm produced in adult amounts (puberty) Late teens-Peak sexual urges for boys Throughout life-If good health is present, there is the sex urge and ability to father children. Female Time Line: Ages 9-12Secondary sex characteristics appear (pubic hair; bigger breasts, hips) Ages 11-14Menstrual cycle begins Late 20-30’sPeak sexual urges Ages 45-55menopause (cycle stops, but sex urge continues)

19. Causes of Pelvic Pain http://www.medicinenet.com/pictures_slidesh ow_pelvic_pain_causes/article.htm http://www.medicinenet.com/pictures_slidesh ow_pelvic_pain_causes/article.htm