1. Chapter 8 Section 4 Notes Decline in Union Influence 1. Some employers have made a determined effort to keep unions out of their business 1. Hired consultants to map out legal strategies to fight unions 2. Employers have made workers part of the management team (profit-sharing or board of directors)

2. Chapter 8 Section 4 Notes Decline in Union Influence 2. New additions to the labor force have had little loyalty to labor unions 1. women and teenagers are the fastest growing part of the civilian labor force 2. they represent 2 nd incomes to families, so they have a tendency to accept lower wages (nonunion jobs)

3. Chapter 8 Section 4 Notes Decline in Union Influence 3. Unions are the victims of their own success 1. when unions raise their wages above the wages of nonunion workers, union-made products become more expensive 2. sales are lost to lower-cost foreign and nonunion producers 3. this forces unionized companies to cut back on production, which causes layoffs and the lost of members

4. Chapter 8 Section 4 Class Work 1. What is a two-tier wage system? 2. What is the glass ceiling AND what groups does it mainly appear to affect? 3. What legal remedies does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 offer to workers suffering from wage and salary discrimination? 4. What is comparable worth? 5. What is a set-aside contract? 6. How does the use of part-time workers mean savings for employers? 7. Identify three ways to evaluate the minimum wage. 8. Why is it necessary to consider inflation when examining the minimum wage?