2. 1914- 1918: The World at War 1914- 1918: The World at War

3. Its Been Called…  “The Family Feud”  “The War to End All Wars”  “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

4. Europe in 1914

5. Causes of the War

6.  M ilitarism  A lliances  N ationalism  I mperialism  A ssassination I. Five Causes of WWI

7. 1. Militarism 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

8. – Strongly promoting the development of armed forces within a nation. Best Army in Europe pre WWI = Germany Best Navy in Europe pre WWI = England

9. 2. Alliances Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

10. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

11. – The Triple Entente (Allies) France, Russia, Great Britain – The Triple Alliance (Central Powers) Germany, Austria – Hungary, Ottoman Empire

12. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

13. 3. Nationalism

14. – Extreme Pride in one’s nation and culture. “our way is the right way” Multiple countries in Europe felt this way

15. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

16. 4. Imperialism

17. – extension of a nation's territory beyond its borders through the establishment of colonies. More competition

18. Assassination

19. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

20. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

21. The Spark  Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinard – Heir to the throne in Austria – Hungary Shot by Gavrillo Princip –Part of radical group in Serbia Serbia had an alliance with Russia – Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia They want revenge  Eventually things spiral out of control due to the Alliance System

22. Who’s To Blame?

23. The War

24. II. WWI officially begins August 3rd, 1914. A. Germany is the aggressor –Goal is to colonize parts of Europe –They tried elsewhere (globally) and failed

25. B. Germany’s strategy—the Schlieffen Plan – Step #1 = Hold off Russia – Step #2 = Quickly Defeat France This involved taking over Belgium too – Step #3 = Focus all attention on Russia

26. Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!  Home by Christmas!  No major war in 50 years! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years!

27. The Schlieffen Plan

28. C. Why didn’t the Plan work? – Reason #1 = France was tougher to defeat than Germany thought. – Reason #2 = Germany didn’t count on Britain or the U.S. getting involved.

29. III. Why did the British get involved? A. England had an alliance with Belgium –They honored their agreement B. England was afraid it would lose its status as THE GLOBAL SUPERPOWER if it didn’t get involved

30. German Atrocities in Belgium

31. Australian Poster

32. American Poster

33. Financing the War

34. Recruitment Posters

35. For Recruitment

36. New French Recruits

37. A Young Australian Recruit

38. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

39. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

41. V. Why did the U.S. get involved? 1. In 1915, Germany sunk the Lusitania – It was a passenger ship, not a warship – 1200 people died including over 100 Americans 2. In 1916, Germany fired upon the Sussex – another passenger ship. – Wilson demands that Germany not fire on any more passenger ships – Germany agrees (the Sussex Pledge) then breaks 3. Zimmerman Note 4. Russian Revolution—1917—Democracy!

42. The Zimmerman Telegram

43. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

44. A Multi-Front War

45. The Western Front

46. Trench Warfare

47. “No Man’s Land”

48. Americans in the Trenches

49. Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

50. The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

51. Sacrifices in War

53. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

54. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

55. French Renault Tank

56. British Tank at Ypres

57. U-Boats

58. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

59. The Airplane

60. The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

61. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

62. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

63. The Zeppelin

64. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

65. Poison Gas Machine Gun

66. The Eastern Front

67. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

68. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

69. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

70. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

71. The Tsar with General Brusilov