1. Prenatal Assessment & Issues Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.

2. Chorionic villus sampling Sample of tissue from the end of one or more villi. 8-13 weeks of pregnancy.

3. Maternal Blood tests 16-18 weeks of pregnancy Alfha fetaprotein in blood tested

4. Ultrasound (sonogram) Low risk Photographs of uterus, fetus, and placenta

5. Umbilical cord blood sampling Take needle and get sample of blood vessels of umbilical cord Information about fetus, infection, anemia, immune and heart disorders

6. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis For in vitro fertilization Can test for certain disorders

7. Early Life in the Womb Due to unhealthy living…..diabetes? Cancer? Cardiovascular disease? Life in the womb – during gestation! Dr. Peter Nathanaielsz of Cornell University Conditions can program how our liver, heart, kidneys, & brains will function.

8. Gestational conditions Reprogram the fetus’s physiology Examples: fat. Shows up decades later. Growth factors, e.g. estrogen crossing the placenta from MOM. The role of cortisol (enzyme) & stress.

9. Undernutrition During the 1 st trimester. Diabetes in MOM. Cholesterol. Cancer. Antibody IgE. Hearth disease.