1. Amniocentesis By Victor Briseño Alexis Martinez

2. When that be? First used by the Germans in the 1880s in order to alleviate fetal pressure First used by the Germans in the 1880s in order to alleviate fetal pressure Since then it has become a parental diagnosis technique (1950s) Since then it has become a parental diagnosis technique (1950s) Today amniocentesis is being used to detect diseases, such as down syndrome, in the baby to prepare Today amniocentesis is being used to detect diseases, such as down syndrome, in the baby to prepare Fun fact: the first abortion, motivated by amniocentesis results, was in 1960 because the baby had 50% chance of being hemophilic Fun fact: the first abortion, motivated by amniocentesis results, was in 1960 because the baby had 50% chance of being hemophilic

3. Why that be? People want to know if their children will have a disease People want to know if their children will have a disease Family history of genetic diseases Family history of genetic diseases Maternal age over 35 years old Maternal age over 35 years old Abnormal maternal screening tests, such as AFP Abnormal maternal screening tests, such as AFP Used in the 3 rd trimester to clarify any last minute complications Used in the 3 rd trimester to clarify any last minute complications Application: no diseases and can lead to in vitro fertilization Application: no diseases and can lead to in vitro fertilization

4. What That Be? 1) women must undress completely, lie down on exam table with hands behind head 2) all the while, blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate are monitored 3) ultrasound will be used to determine: the fetal heartrate, position of the fetus, position of the placenta, the umbilical cord, and pocket of amniotic fluid

5. What that be? Cont. 4) the abdomen will be cleaned with antiseptic 5) needle is inserted through abdomen 6) ultrasound will once again be used to guide a long, thin, hollow needle through the skin, into the uterus, and to the amniotic sack

6. What that be? Cont. 7) the practitioner will withdraw small amounts of the amniotic fluid into a syringe 8) needle is removed 9) amniotic fluid will be placed into a light protected container and sent to lab

7. What that be? Cont. 10) bandage will be placed over the needle site 11) if woman is rh negative, she will be given rhogam to prevent rh negative mother’s antibodies from attacking rh positive fetal blood cells 12) amniotic sample is analyzed for genetic disorder and/or any other complications through shed fetal cells

8. What to expect during amniocentesis: A sting from the needle A sting from the needle Numb skin Numb skin Cramping as needle enters uterus Cramping as needle enters uterus Pulling sensation when amniotic fluid is being withdrawn Pulling sensation when amniotic fluid is being withdrawn

9. What to expect after amniocentesis: Bleeding or leaking form puncture site and/or vagina Bleeding or leaking form puncture site and/or vagina Fever and/or chills Fever and/or chills Severe belly pain Severe belly pain Change in activity of fetus Change in activity of fetus

10. Ethics Ethical issues have arisen over what to do after fetus is diagnosed with diseases (i.e. some people decide to abort) Ethical issues have arisen over what to do after fetus is diagnosed with diseases (i.e. some people decide to abort) The risk of popping the placenta The risk of popping the placenta The possible risk of miscarriages The possible risk of miscarriages

12. Bib Amniocentesis. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.. "Clock - Simply Flowers Fresno." Simply Flowers Fresno. Web. 27 Apr. 2016. Made with Love. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.. "Science Museum. Brought to Life: Exploring the History of Medicine." Amniocentesis. Web. 27 Apr. 2016. Test Tube Baby. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.. Test Tubes. Web. 27 Apr. 2016..