1. Rapid Prototyping.

5. Rapid Prototyping (RP) techniques are methods that allow designers to produce physical prototypes quickly. It consists of various manufacturing processes by which a solid physical model of part is made directly from 3D CAD model data without any special tooling. The first commercial rapid prototyping process was brought on the market in1987.

6. Printing process Printing is a process for reproducing text and images, typically with ink on paper using a print press.

7. GUTTENBERG’S PRINTING PRESS. INVENTED IN 15 TH CENTURY USED MOULDS MADE OF BRASS

8. Invention of first printing machine  F IRST PRINTING MACHINE WAS INVENTED BY JOHANNES GENSFLEISH IN 1803.  T HIS SUPERSEDED THE COST AND SLOW PRODUCTION.

9. Subtractive Manufacturing Creates a product by removing sections from a block of material. Generates waste through the excess material that is removed. Limited design capabilities.

10. Subtractive Manufacturing What is an example of subtractive manufacturing that we’ve used in class???

11. Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) Machining A method of Subtractive Manufacturing that removes sections from a block of material by cutting or drilling the excess material away.

12. Additive Manufacturing Creates a product through adding materials to the object. Adds material layer by layer until printing is finished. Allows for complex and intricate designs.

13. 3D Printing A method of Additive Manufacturing that adds material to an object layer by layer to create the final product.

14. 3D printing  Imagine a near future in which a device connected to your desktop prints a SOLID OBJECT!!!!!!  We can have tangible goods and intangible services delivered over the INTERNET.

15. Different methods Selective laser sintering (SLS) Stereolithography Fused deposition modeling (FDM) Laminated object manufacturing

16. SLS method Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high power laser (for example, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of plastic, metal (direct metal laser sintering),ceramic or glass powders into a mass that has a desired 3-dimensional shape

17. STEREOLITHOGRAPHY Stereolithography is an additive manufacturing process using a vat of liquid UV- curable photopolymer ”resi n” and a UV laser to build parts a layer at a time.

18. STEREOLITHOGRAPHY (contd). CAD (Computer Assisted Design) Programs help users create STL Files for the 3D Printers to read. STL (STereoLithography) file format – a file format which uses many little triangles to make a 3 dimensional plot of the objects intended surface.

19. FDM Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production applications

20. Laminated object manufacturing Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) is a rapid prototyping system developed by Helisys Inc. In it, layers of adhesive-coated paper, plastic or metal laminates are successively glued together and cut to shape with a knife or laser cutter.

21. Equipment types Dimension 3D printer

22. Specification of uPrint Build Envelope Size & Weight Layer Thickness Modeling Material Support Material Price 203 x 152 x 152 mm(8 x 6 x 6 in) 635 x 660 x 787 mm(25 x 26 x 31 in)76 kg (168 lbs)(with one material bay).254 mm (.010 in) ABSplus in ivory only. Soluble only $14,900 (€11.900)

23. What is ABSplus? ABSplus is a production-grade thermoplastic that gives models the ability to perform just like production parts in real-world functional testing.

24. Technique

26. The PRINTING CYCLE a) Preparation : Once you click “3D print “ from Z-print, the printer initiates the pre build routine. First it warms the air inside the printer and creates optimum operating environment. At the same time, it fills the ‘Build Chamber’ with 1/8 th inch layer powder ( so that finished parts rest on it).

27. The PRINTING CYCLE b) Printing : Once the pre-build is complete, the printer begins printing the layers created in the Z-print software. The machine deposits 0.1mm thick layer of powder from the ‘Hopper”. The ‘Print Carriage’ then moves across this layer depositing the binder.

28. The PRINTING CYCLE The binder solidifies the powder in that cross section of the model. The piston below the ’Build Carriage ’ lowers the powdered bed by 0.1mm, preparing the next layer. The process repeats until the model is complete

29. The PRINTING CYCLE c) Depowdering/Recycling : When finished the model, it is suspended in the powder to cure. At the end of curing time, the machine then automatically removes most of the powder around the model by vaccum pressure. The loose powder is pneumatically conveyed through the system for reuse.

30. 3D Printing : The Chemical Process A platform which serves as the base of the object is submerged into a vat of polymers. UV light cures and hardens these polymers with each pass over the object. Once a pass is finished, the platform lowers slightly into the vat, allowing more uncured polymers to cover the object.

31. Applications of 3D Printing Prototyping Modeling Custom parts Design Research

32. 3D Printing and Sustainability 3D printing with non harmful chemicals. 3D printing generates almost no waste during manufacturing, and does not require lubricants. 3D Printing can be used to create replacement parts.

33. SUCCESS stories 3D printed Jaw

34. Challenges Facing 3D Printing Intellectual property rights of the 3D Printer users. Nearly anything can be printed by 3D Printers and this is a troubling prospect if criminals use 3D Printers to create illegal products.

35. In Conclusion 3D printing is an expanding technology which may soon start an industry in which everyone has the possibility of being a manufacturer. 3D printing has a lot of possible benefits to society, although the products created must be regulated.

36. References http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/3D_computer_grap hics.com