1. PhD 800 & 805 Term Paper Ali Al Jassim S0000000150 08 Sept. 2015 Factors Affecting Traffic Jam in Dubai: The Effectiveness of Licensing Role in Reducing Traffic Jam

2. Table of Contents Introduction & Background Significance of the Study Literature Review Design & Methodology Data Collection Conceptual Framework Findings& Limitations Recommendations 2

3. Introduction & Background Traffic Jam is a Hot Topic in Dubai Society It affects almost everyone in their business, daily activities, and life As Dubai’s economy emerges, traffic jam becomes great issue Traffic jam means slower speed, longer trip time, & queuing In roads engineering, the measurement of road quality id by LOS Stands for Level Of Service (category & quality level) LOS A: ExcellentLOS F: Forced / Breakdown Flow Results of LOS: Safe drivers, or frustrated drivers Losses: Fuel, time, pollution, secondary roads spillover, road overuse, & economy 3

4. Significance of Study 4 Some Countries taken measures like – Changing school time – Reducing speed limits – Increase roads capacity – Control Drivers behaviors Dubai taken an extra measure (Using cameras to issue fines) At Dubai Government Summit, DM DG stated “the city’s infrastructure must be alerted” Most researches consider causes and solutions for traffic jams Are causes of traffic jam different than factors affecting traffic jam ? (we will come to know) As a result, Would the solutions also differ? !!! So, Study is significant

5. All researches agreed that traffic jam costs every economy great fortune In Dubai, Traffic congestion costs more than Dh 700,000 per kilometer (RTA) How would the situation be if RTA did not develop the city’s infrastructure? Developing the infrastructure is continuous work for emerging economies How much developing is enough? Is city’s infrastructure developed to contain all modes of transport? Is it covering all city areas Other researchers concluded that existing road networks capacity Traffic jam means more vehicles; so is it the infrastructure? or tangible improvements, or innovative ideas like training police officers, or even techniques of using middle lane for both direction depending on rush hour direction? 5 Literature Review

6. Design & Methodology 6 Strategic Management Research Combination of inductive (new topic) & abductive approaches Survey (questionnaire) face to face, Government Entities Data put into series of test to find the relationship and logical reasoning if existed (Significance testing, Chi square test, paired t-test) Intended participants (DSC, RTA, public)

7. Research Questions 7 What are the factors affecting traffic jam, and the relationship of each factor with traffic jam? How significant are the impact for each factor on traffic jam, and the impact of licensing in comparison? What are the measures of traffic reduction based on study results?

8. Research Objectives 8 From the set of research questions, we defined the set of research objectives. The objectives of this study are: - To understand Traffic jam, Dubai, and licensing. - To describe the factors affecting traffic jam. - To study the relationship and impact of each factor on traffic jam. - To analyze the significance of each factor relationship’s with traffic jam. - To compare the significance of licensing with the other factors. - To make recommendations for reducing traffic jam based on the results.

9. Research Map 9 ObjectivesMethodsSection To understand Traffic jam, Dubai, and licensing Literature review 1.Introduction 2. Background To describe the factors affecting traffic jam Literature review 1.Significance of the Study 2.Literature Review To study the relationship and impact of each factor on traffic jam Literature review + Data 1.Data, Conceptual Framework, & Hypothesis 2.Findings & Implications To analyze the significance of each factor relationship’s with traffic jam Data + Analysis 1.Findings & Implications To compare the significance of licensing with the other factors Data + Analysis 8. Findings & Implications To make recommendations for reducing traffic jam based on the results Results1.Recommendations

10. Data Collection 10 Data was collected from DSC, & RTA Questionnaire data entered into system, analyzed, and studied 1.3 M vehicles, 1.2 M driving license, 220 Nationalities (age 18-65) 10,000 questionnaire (used resources see Gantt Chart) 100 RTA employees working for Roads network & infrastructure, & 250 traffic officers 5 roads consulting firms, 10 approved contractors, construction time between 1-3 years 3 nearby cities, 930 traffic control devices (signalized junctions) 2 overground metro lines 1 event per year

11. 11 H0: There is no relationship between traffic jam and road elements & other elements H1: The relationship (positive) Conceptual Framework

12. 12 Conceptual Framework

13. 13 Conceptual Framework

14. 14 Results

15. 15 Results

16. 16 Results

17. Recommendations 17 It is essential to control the factors affecting traffic jam Each factor has an impact, all of it combined make significant attribute to traffic jam New regulations for driving licensing, vehicle registration, and enforcement to be issued.

18. Limitations 18 Lack of financial data for the period from 2005 to 2015 Disclosure of information and data from Government Entities Differences in data between DSC & RTA

19. 19 Gantt Chart

20. References 20

21. 21 Thank you for your