1. The Baby Project: Pregnancy

2. Signs of Pregnancy 1.No Menses –no menstruation 2.Morning Sickness 3.Change in size and fullness of breasts 4.Fatigue 5.Frequency of urination 6.Test for pregnancy HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) can be found in the urine of the expectant mother. HCG is secreted by the placenta to stimulate production of progesterone & prevent ovulation during pregnancy.

3. Structures To Support Pregnancy Edometrium: the lining of the uterus Placenta: blood rich tissue attached to endometrium that transfers oxygen & nutrients from mother to infant Villi: finger-like projections from the chorion is the site of nutrient, oxygen & waste transfer Chorion:membrane surrounding amnion covered with villi bathed in mothers blood from placenta Amnion: fluid filled sac protecting & cushioning developing fetus. Continued….

4. Support structures 2 Umbilical Cord: made up of two arteries that bring waste away from the fetus & one large vein that supplies fetus with nutrients & O2 Navel: where the umbilical cord was attached Diffusion: The transfer of nutrients & waste w/o actual exchange of blood

5. Pregnancy support structures 3

6. Conception to Birth Conception occurs at the moment of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of one egg and one sperm each containing 23 chromosomes. Chromosomes: 23 pairs of genetic material which determine characteristics. Zygote: the fertilized egg as cells continually divide during the first 2 weeks. Implantation:when the embryo becomes buried in the uterine lining.

7. Conception to Birth 2 Embryo: second stage 2 nd -8 th week when support structures develop. Cell differentiation occurs, skin, vessels, nerves, organs start to develop. At the end of 8 th weeks embryo is one inch. Fetus: Two months (vital organs have developed) to birth. 9 months Gestation: period from fertilization to birth is nine months.

8. Week 7 Umbilical cord appears Week 9 Movement begins

9. Medical Care Obstetrician: Doctor specializing in the care of a women and her unborn child. OBGYN: Obstetrician/gynecologist: takes care of female reproductive system Plus Anesthesiologist: doctor who administers substances that cause a loss of sensation w/without loss of consciousness. Midwives provide care to women during normal pregnancies and deliveries and call on obstetricians or other physicians if complications develop.

10. Stages of Delivery Oxcytocin: Hormone produced by the hypothalamus causing uterine muscles to contract during labor. 1.Dilation: the opening of the cervix 2.Crowning: the baby’s head can be seen entering the vagina. 3.Placenta (afterbirth) completely separated passes out of the vagina.

11. Normal vaginal delivery

12. Tests and Procedures Amniocentesis: Procedure done by removing & analyzing amniotic fluid. APGAR test: measures infants condition at birth. A ppearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity & Respiration Episiotomy: a surgical incision to open the skin between the vagina and the anus to prevent tearing during birth. Caesarean Section: birth by incision through the abdominal wall and uterus.

13. Complications Breech: when the presentation for birth is not head first, feet or rear end first Premature birth: birth prior the full term when the infant weighs less than 5 lbs. Identical Twins: fertilized egg divides into two embryos with same genetic makeup Fraternal Twins: Two embryos with different genetic makeup result from two eggs being released and fertilized by two sperm. Miscarriage or spontaneous abortion: expulsion of fetus that is not capable of living. 1 in 5 pregns.

14. Breast feeding Prolactin: hormone produced by pituitary gland that stimulates milk production-milk is released the third day after birth. Colostrum: yellowish watery fluid secreted by breasts; high in proteins & antiboties Mammary Glands: located in the breast produce milk for infants. PostPartum Period: time between birth until a woman starts her menstrual cycle.

15. Postnatal depression ("Baby blues") is very common, with approximately 50% of women suffering from it, potentially as early as 24 hours postpartum. It is usually limited in duration, lasting 36 to 48 hours. Apart from empathy and support from caregivers and family, treatment is not required. Approximately 10-20% of women will suffer the symptoms of major depression, and should be treated accordingly. Postpartum depression may be the response to the hormonal changes and life adjustment the woman goes through immediately after childbirth. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_period