1. Remediating Contaminated Groundwater with Slow-Release Oxidants Remediating Contaminated Groundwater with Slow-Release Oxidants Steve Comfort – University of Nebraska Grant # R42ES22530 Mark Christenson – AirLift Environmental Assembled direct-push oxidant candle with aerator

2. AirLift Environmental – Grant # R42ES22530 Background/Timeline: Innovative Remediation Techniques for Contaminated Soil and Water 2005 – Federal Earmark Grant - “Innovative Remediation Techniques for Contaminated Soil and Water” 2009 – Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (NDEQ)  Cozad Landfill  TCE Contaminated Groundwater Extensive sampling/surveying finds VOCs located in low permeable zones of aquifer Contamination confined to “orange” layers

3. AirLift Environmental – Grant # R42ES22530 Background/Timeline (continued): 2010 – Manufactured “oxidant candles” and inserted into formation to intercept contaminant plume (Mark Christenson – lead graduate student).

4. AirLift Environmental – Grant # R42ES22530 Background/Timeline (continued): 2012 – Published first paper, AirLift Environmental, LLC forms and receives Phase I (2013) and Phase II (2015) STTR from NIH Candles in Wells with Aeration After 5 years……. 89% Reduction in down gradient versus up gradient concentrations Estimated 5 more years left Candles inserted by Direct-push Stopped working after first year Phase I STTR: added anti-scaling agent to reduce oxide scale

5. AirLift Environmental – Grant # R42ES22530 Phase I: Develop proto- types of oxidant candles with aerators that could be inserted with direct- push. After Installation

6. AirLift Environmental – Grant # R42ES22530 Phase II (primary goals): four Field test oxidant candles at four sites over the next two years Collect multiple samplings to document efficacy of treatments Develop predictive model to predict oxidant spreading and verify with field data Heated Candle Mixer Using COMSOL multi- physics software to model oxidant spreading from candles receiving aeration

7. AirLift Environmental – Grant # R42ES22530 Limitations: Lower oxidant mass per injection point than ISCO (liquid oxidant) - one inch diameter candles may only last a year or less Candles with anti-scaling agent have not been vetted in field Spacing requirements Limited field data available Benefits: Larger diameter candles can provide multiple years of service Installation via direct-push: no well cuttings, chemical tanks/mixing, irritating dust, or need for large water source Sustained release for long term barrier (less chance for contaminant rebound) Can use in “low perm zones” No “daylighting” of liquid oxidants Aeration increases sweeping efficiency (no density driven flow)

8. On the Horizon…. Reloadable Direct-Push Oxidant Candles with Aeration Wax-less Oxidant Dispensers Density flow not observed Permanganate spreading in static sand tank

9. AirLift Environmental – Grant # R42ES22530 Contact / More Information AirLift Environmental, LLC 5900 N. 58 th Street, Suite #5 Lincoln, NE 68507 Mark Christenson (402) 617-0434 mark@airliftenvironmental.com Steve Comfort (402)-472-1502 scomfort@unl.edu Publications: See attachment for links to our referenced publications (Chlorinated solvents, BTEX, PAHs, 1,4-dioxane). Patent pending: “Modular oxidant delivery system” (Patent Application 62/140,645). Submitted via NuTech Ventures info@nutechventures.orginfo@nutechventures.org