1. Sonnets

2. Background of Sonnets 0 Sonnet form popularized by Petrarch 0 Sonnet – sonetto – “little sound” “song” 0 Sonnet: a fourteen line lyric poem that conforms to a strict pattern of rhythm and rhyme 0 Influenced by: 0 Sir Thomas Wyatt, Henry Howard, 0 Sir Philip Sydney’s Astrophel and Stella 0 Edmund Spenser’s Armoretti

3. Italian Sonnet 0 Perfected by Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) 0 Called the Italian or Petrarchan sonnet 0 Rhyme Scheme = ABBAABBA CDECDE 0 Two Parts: 0 Eight Line Section= Octave 0 Transition = Volta (turn) found in the 9 th line 0 Six Line Section = Sestet 0 Question-Answer, Problem-Solution, Theme-Comment

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5. English Sonnet 0 Developed in 16 th Century by Earl of Surrey, Perfected by Shakespeare (Shakespearian) 0 Rhyme Scheme = ABAB CDCD EFEF GG 0 Organization 0 Three quatrains (four lines in a group) and a closing couplet (two rhymed lines) 0 Problem developed in first three quatrains, brought to a conclusion in the final couplet. Sometimes has a “turn” or shift in the ninth line as well

6. Couplets 0 Couplets are any two lines working as a unit, whether they comprise a single stanza or are part of a larger stanza. 0 Heroic Couplet- two lines of iambic pentameter, also the last two lines of the English sonnet. 0 Often a second turn of great impact – final summary or explanation of all that came before

7. READ EXAMPLES 0 *INSERT PAGE NUMBER*