1. Climate Lesson What factors contribute to a region’s climate? Directions: - Click “Slide Show” then “View Show” to view the power point. -Record all notes and complete all tasks in your notebook. - If a page doesn’t have a directions box like this, just get the notes.

2. Weather vs Climate? Weather: Atmospheric conditions (temperature, rainfall, etc…) at a specific point in time Climate: Atmospheric conditions (temperature, rainfall, etc…) of a region over a long period of time

3. Houston Weather - Climate

4. Notes Template Use this template to create your own notes from the Power point. Factors that affect climate Zones of Latitude

5. -A region’s latitude (distance from the equator) can impact its climate. -Sketch the diagram below. Polar Temperate Tropical Temperate

6. Zones of Latitude Tropical Zones: Warm weather year round. Area between the Tropic of Cancer (23 ½ º N) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23 ½ º S). Temperate Zones: Warm summers and cold winters (four seasons). Areas between Tropic of Cancer (23 ½ º N) and Arctic Circle (66 ½ º N) and Tropic of Capricorn (23 ½ º S) and the Antarctic Circle (66 ½ º S). Polar Zones: Cold year round. Areas north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle.

7. 1.High Latitude = ______________ zone, _____ ° N _____ ° S, where is it? 2.Middle Latitude = _______________ zone, _____ ° N _____ ° S, where is it? 3.Low Latitude = _________________ zone, _____ ° N _____ ° S, where is it?

8. 30°N 30°S 30°N 60°S 60°N 60°S 60°N TROPICAL TEMPERATE POLAR

9. 1. Which cities will have a temperate climate? 2. Which cities are warm year-round? What is this zone of latitude called? 3. Which cities are in the polar zone?

10. Notes Template Use this template to create your own notes from the Power point. Factors that affect climate Topograph y Zones of Latitude Rain Shadows

11. Topography - Elevation Elevation is the height above sea level The higher the elevation of a region the cooler the temperature becomes. Warmer Temperatures Cooler Temperatures

12. Topography – Rain Shadows Mountains can create orographic rainfall. The windward side of the mountain is rainy while the leeward side is very dry. Rain Shadows are desert regions created on the leeward side of the mountain Windward Which side is the leeward side, the right or the left? Which side is the windward side, the right or the left?

13. 1.Which gets more more rain point A or point B. 2.What causes the difference in rainfall amounts between point A and point B? Hint: Rain comes from here

14. 1.Which gets more more rain point A or point B. 2.What causes the difference in rainfall amounts between point A and point B? Hint: Rain comes from here

15. If you said Point A gets more rain because the Himalayas act as a rain shadow you are correct. Desert – arid region with very little rainfall Humid Subtropical – warm temperatures, lots of rainfall

16. Notes Template Use this template to create your own notes from the Power point. Factors that affect climate Topograph y Zones of Latitude Wind Currents Elevation Rain Shadows

17. Wind Currents Wind currents help distribute the sun’s heat from one part of the world to another. Warmer air has lower pressure than cooler air. The cooler air rushes into the low pressure areas causing wind. Warm air currents make areas warmer than normal. Cold air currents make areas cooler than normal High Pressure Air Low Pressure Air Wind blows from areas of High Pressure to Low Pressure

19. Jet stream – wind currents on land that impact weather and climate. 1. How does the jet stream affect the climate of the NE?

20. Notes Template Use this template to create your own notes from the Power point. Factors that affect climate Topograph y Zones of Latitude Wind Currents Ocean Current s Elevation Rain Shadows Warm Currents Cold Currents

21. Ocean Currents Ocean current move in large circular systems Ocean currents affect temperature and precipitation of an area. Warm ocean currents make surrounding areas warmer and rainy. Cool ocean currents make surrounding areas cooler and drier Warm Ocean Current Cool Ocean Current Cooler and Drier Warmer and Rainy

22. Ocean Currents

23. Notes Template Use this template to create your own notes from the Power point. Factors that affect climate Topograph y Zones of Latitude Wind Currents Ocean Current s Elevation Rain Shadows Climate Changes Warm Currents Cold Currents Global Warmin g El Niño

24. Global Warming Global Warming is the build up of carbon dioxide (greenhouse gases) in the atmosphere trapping heat and causing increase temperature and shifting weather patterns. Global Warming is being caused by both the human release of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal) and a natural warming cycle the Earth is going through As the global temperature begins to rise many changes will occur to climates around the world Complete the global warming simulation on the class webpage. –What are the effects of global warming?

25. El Niño The natural warming of waters off the west coast of South America about every 2 – 7 years due to a reversal of wind direction. El Nino causes floods and mudslides in the Americas. El Nino causes droughts in Australia and Asia.

26. Notes Template Use this template to create your own notes from the Power point. Factors that affect climate Topograph y Zones of Latitude Wind Currents Ocean Current s Elevation Rain Shadows Climate Changes Warm Currents Cold Currents Global Warming El Niño

27. Major Climate Regions Tropical Wet: Always hot and rain falls almost daily (Amazon Rainforest) Desert: Receives less than 10 inches of rain per year (Phoenix, AZ) Semiarid: Receives between 10 and 16 inches of rain per year (West Texas) Mediterranean: Dry and hot summers, cool and rainy winters (Los Angeles, CA) Humid Subtropical: Hot and humid summers, mild to cool winters (Houston, Tx) Marine West Coast: Located close to warm ocean currents. Moderate temperatures and constant rainfall (Seattle, WA). Humid Continental: Hot summers and Cold winters. Located in the interior, far away from oceans. Have four distinct seasons (St. Louis, MO). Tundra: Always cold. Flat, treeless lands around the Arctic Ocean. Very little rain. Land has permafrost. (Greenland) Highland: Found all over the world. High elevation. (Andes Mountains)

28. Map Questions Use the map of the world’s climates and the slide following to answer the questions below. 1.What is the climate of Houston? 2.Which types of climate are present in the tropical zone of latitude? http://www.mcwdn.org/MAPS&GLOBES/C limate.htmlhttp://www.mcwdn.org/MAPS&GLOBES/C limate.html

29. CLIMATE ZONES

31. Low Latitude

32. TROPICAL WET CLIMATE TROPICAL WET CLIMATE (RAIN FOREST)HOT, WET AND HUMID YEAR ROUND, RAINS DAILY. DIRECT SUN KEEPS THE TEMPERATURES HIGH. FOUND IN THE EQUATOR REGION.

33. TROPICAL WET AND DRY CLIMATE VEGETATION(SAVANNA) TROPICAL WET AND DRY CLIMATE VEGETATION(SAVANNA) DRY WINTERS, WET SUMMERS, LOCATION: IN THE TROPICS JUST BEYOND THE TROPICAL RAINFOREST. LITTLE CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE WHICH IS ALWAYS HIGH.

34. ARID/DESERT CLIMATE VEGETATION: Location: Tropic of Cancer/Capricorn, Polar Caps ARID/DESERT CLIMATE VEGETATION: Location: Tropic of Cancer/Capricorn, Polar Caps HOT DAYS, COOL TO COLD NIGHTS, THERE IS LITTLE TO NO RAIN (LESS THAN 10 INCHES OF RAIN)IN THIS CLIMATE, THEREFORE IT IS VERY DRY.

35. SEMIARID CLIMATE SEMIARID CLIMATE DRY AREAS THAT BORDER DESERTS. THESE AREAS HAVE VERY LITTLE RAINFALL ONLY ABOUT 10 TO 20 INCHES PER YEAR.

36. Mid Latitude

37. MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE Location : by (Mediterranean)Seas and Oceans MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE Location : by (Mediterranean)Seas and Oceans MILD RAINY WINTERS WITH HOT DRY SUMMERS.

38. HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE Location(SE USA) HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE Location(SE USA) RAIN FALLS ALL YEAR WITH HEAVY THUNDERSTORMS IN THE SUMMER. WINTERS ARE SHORTER AND MILD SUMMERS ARE HOT AND HUMID

39. MARINE WEST COAST CLIMATE Location: Near Cooler Ocean Water MARINE WEST COAST CLIMATE Location: Near Cooler Ocean Water COOL SUMMERS, WITH MILD WINTERS, HEAVY RAINS IN THE WINTER VERY FOGGY AND DAMP

40. HUMID CONTINENTAL CLIMATE Location: Higher Latitudes inner Continent HUMID CONTINENTAL CLIMATE Location: Higher Latitudes inner Continent COLD SNOWY WINTERS, COOL TO WARM SUMMERS WITH SOME RAIN EVERY MONTH. Experience 4 Seasons:Chicago

41. High Latitude

42. SUBARCTIC CLIMATE Location: Below Arctic Circle SUBARCTIC CLIMATE Location: Below Arctic Circle LONG VERY COLD WINTERS WITH SHORT COOL SUMMERS. TAIGA(LARGE FORESTS) COVER THE LAND

43. TUNDRA CLIMATE Location: ( Next to Arctic Circle) TUNDRA CLIMATE Location: ( Next to Arctic Circle) LONG BITTERY COLD WINTERS WITH VERY SHORT COOL SUMMERS. SUMMERS GET CONSTANT LIGHT BUT LITTLE HEAT FROM THE SUN. THE LAND HAS PERMAFROST(FROZEN SOIL)

44. POLAR ICE CAP CLIMATE Location: North and South Pole POLAR ICE CAP CLIMATE Location: North and South Pole ALWAYS COVERED WITH SNOW AND ICE. BITTERLY COLD ALL YEAR AROUND WITH LITTLE TO NO PRECIPITATION.

45. HIGHLAND CLIMATE Found in : HIGHLAND CLIMATE Found in : MOUNTAIN AREAS WHERE THE HIGHER IN ALTITUDE THE COOLER THE AIR TEMPERATURE CAN BE FOUND AT ANY LATITUDE Sea Level 1,000 ft 3,300 ft 6,600 ft 9,900 ft 13,200 ft 16,500 ft 19,800 ft 81°F 77°F 70°F 57°F 49°F 34°F 21°F 9°F Guayaqui l * Guayaqui l Quit o * Quit o Hot Zone Temperate Zone Cold Zone Tundra Snow cap

46. Rain Shadow

47. Assignment Go to page 60-61 in book Color where each climate is found next to it Color large map of climate with key

48. Climographs Climographs are a combination of a line graph, measuring average temperature, and a bar graph, measuring average rainfall, for each month. Rainfall Temperature