1. The Civil War 9.1 (Explore #1)Plantations - - A large tract of land that produced staple crops such as sugar, coffee, and tobacco; was farmed by slave labor; and was owned by a wealthy Southern land owner.

2. - - Laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African- Americans and denied them basic rights Slave Codes The Civil War 9.1 (Explore #1)

3. - A worker hired by a planter to watch over and direct the work of slaves Overseer The Civil War 9.1 (Explore #1)

4. - American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star Fredrick Douglas The Civil War 9.1 (Explore #4)

5. - Leader of a slave rebellion in 1831 in Virginia. Revolt led to the deaths of 20 whites and 40 blacks and led to the "gag rule' outlawing any discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives Nat Turner The Civil War 9.1 (Explore #4)

6. - A person who wanted to end slavery in the United States Abolition The Civil War 9.1 (Explore #4)

7. Fugitive Slave - A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders The Civil War 9.1 (Explore #4)

8. - A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. Industrial Revolution The Civil War 9.2 (Explore #1)

9. - A mechanical genius who invented the cotton gin, which was machine that separated the cotton from the seed. This greatly improved efficiency, and the South was able to clear more acres of cotton fields, which also increased the demand for slaves. Eli Whitney The Civil War 9.2 (Explore #2)

10. - Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from cotton fibers. Now cotton could be processed quickly and cheaply. Results: more cotton is grown and more slaves are needed for more acres of cotton fields Cotton Gin The Civil War 9.2 (Explore #2)

11. - Different parts of the country developing unique and separate cultures (as the North, South and West). This can lead to conflict Sectionalism The Civil War 9.2 (Explore #3)

12. - 1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. William Lloyd Garrison The Civil War 9.2 (Explore #4)

13. - A special tax added to imported goods to raise the price, thereby protecting American businesses and workers from foreign competition. Tariff The Civil War 9.2 (Explore #4)

14. - States that did not allow people to own slaves. Maine, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Vermont, Rhode Island, New York, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania Free States The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #2)

15. - A legal theory that a state in the US has the right to invalidate any federal law that the state deems unconstitutional. John C Calhoun was the foremost proponent. Nullification The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #2)

16. - States that allowed slavery; generally southern states. Missouri, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland, Georgia, Delaware Slave States The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #2)

17. - South Carolina Senator & advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification John C. Calhoun The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #2)

18. - The name for the collection of northern free states Union The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #3)

19. - Notion that the people of a territory should determine if they want to be a slave state or a free state Popular Sovereignty The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #3)

20. - People who opposed expansion of slavery into western territories Free Soilers The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #3)

21. - "Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states. Missouri Compromise The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #4)

22. - Laws that provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North did not enforce this law, so sectional tensions heightened. Fugitive Slave Laws The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #4)

23. - Senator who persuaded Congress to accept the Missouri Compromise, which admitted Maine into the Union as a free state, and Missouri as a slave state Henry Clay The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #4)

24. - (1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas Compromise of 1850 The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #4)

25. - (1856) a series of violent fights between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in Kansas who had moved to Kansas to try to influence the decision of whether or not Kansas would a slave state or a free state. Bleeding Kansas The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #5)

26. - 1854, Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty. Kansas-Nebraska Act The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #5)

27. - 1854, Anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, Free Soilers and reformers from the Northwest met and formed party in order to keep slavery out of the territories Republican Party The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #6)

28. - 16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves. Abraham Lincoln The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #6)

29. - A black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin Territory. Backed by interested abolitionists, he sued for freedom on the basis of his long residence on free soil. The ruling on the case was that He was a black slave and not a citizen, so he had no rights. Dred Scott The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #7)

30. - Illinois senator who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which allowed new territories to choose their own position on slavery; debated Abraham Lincoln on slavery issues in 1858 Stephan Douglas The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #8)

31. - John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged Harper’s Ferry, Va The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #9)

32. - Abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858) John Brown The Civil War 9.3 (Explore #9)