1. The Persian War

2. Cause Persian Empire included Greek city- states in Ionia (present day Turkey) Persian Empire included Greek city- states in Ionia (present day Turkey) Greek revolt against the Persians Greek revolt against the Persians Persians crush the revolt and Darius I wants revenge against the Greeks Persians crush the revolt and Darius I wants revenge against the Greeks Decides to invade GreeceDecides to invade Greece

6. Battle of Marathon Greeks use the Phalanx Greeks use the Phalanx Phalanx designed by MiltiadesPhalanx designed by Miltiades Greeks outnumbered 12 to 1 Greeks outnumbered 12 to 1 Greeks win Greeks win Phidippides runs 26 miles from battlefield to Athens to announce victory Phidippides runs 26 miles from battlefield to Athens to announce victory Phidippides announces victory and then diesPhidippides announces victory and then dies A marathon is named after this runA marathon is named after this run

7. Greek Hoplite Aspis Hoplite Spear

8. After Marathon Darius I still wants to conquer Greece Darius I still wants to conquer Greece 482 B.C. – Darius ’ s son, Xerxes, takes a massive army to Greece to conquer the Greeks 482 B.C. – Darius ’ s son, Xerxes, takes a massive army to Greece to conquer the Greeks Herodotus, know as the “ Father of History ” (world ’ s 1 st great historian), writes the Persians had 1 million menHerodotus, know as the “ Father of History ” (world ’ s 1 st great historian), writes the Persians had 1 million men Xerxes takes these men across the Hellespont by building a massive pontoon bridgeXerxes takes these men across the Hellespont by building a massive pontoon bridge

10. Battle of Thermopylae Xerxes has many more men than the Greeks Xerxes has many more men than the Greeks Greeks realize that they cannot fight the Persians Greeks realize that they cannot fight the Persians King Leonidas of Sparta volunteers himself and 300 Spartans to protect a Greek retreat King Leonidas of Sparta volunteers himself and 300 Spartans to protect a Greek retreat

12. Thermopylae Thermopylae, means “ Hot Gates, ” is a narrow mountain pass that neutralized Persian numbers Thermopylae, means “ Hot Gates, ” is a narrow mountain pass that neutralized Persian numbers Xerxes asks Leonidas for surrender Xerxes asks Leonidas for surrender “ Come and Get Them ”“ Come and Get Them ” “ So much the better, we fight in the shade ”“ So much the better, we fight in the shade ”

13. Thermopylae Leonidas fights the Persians in the pass Leonidas fights the Persians in the pass Greeks are betrayed by Ephiliates, a fellow Greek, who shows Xerxes a path around the pass Greeks are betrayed by Ephiliates, a fellow Greek, who shows Xerxes a path around the pass Xerxes surrounds Leonidas and asks Leonidas for surrenderXerxes surrounds Leonidas and asks Leonidas for surrender Leonidas fights till deathLeonidas fights till death

14. After Thermopylae Xerxes moves his army towards Athens and sacks Athens Xerxes moves his army towards Athens and sacks Athens Greek generals meet to try and defeat Persians Greek generals meet to try and defeat Persians

15. Battle of Salamis A major naval battle between Greeks and Persians A major naval battle between Greeks and Persians Battle plan designed by Themistocles, an Athenian commander and head of the Greek Navy Battle plan designed by Themistocles, an Athenian commander and head of the Greek Navy Themistocles lures Persians into shallow water and runs their ships aground Themistocles lures Persians into shallow water and runs their ships aground Greek Triremes stay much shallower in the waterGreek Triremes stay much shallower in the water

16. Ship Drafts Draft – How much of the ship is below water Persian ships – deep draft Greek ships – shallow draft

18. Greek Trireme

19. Battle of Platea After Salamis, the Greek city-states join forces to form a massive army After Salamis, the Greek city-states join forces to form a massive army This Greek army meets the Persians on the field of Platea This Greek army meets the Persians on the field of Platea The Persians are completely destroyed and the war ends The Persians are completely destroyed and the war ends

20. Major Greek Military Advancements and Inventions Major Greek Military Advancements and Inventions

21. Helepolis Name means “ The Taker of Cities ” Name means “ The Taker of Cities ” Invented Demetrius the ConquerorInvented Demetrius the Conqueror A massive siege tower used during the siege of Rhodes A massive siege tower used during the siege of Rhodes 130 ft. high, 65 feet wide 130 ft. high, 65 feet wide Divided into 9 storiesDivided into 9 stories Each story equipped w/ a catapultEach story equipped w/ a catapult

23. The Ram Tortoise A gigantic, armored battering ram A gigantic, armored battering ram The ram tortoise was pushed by a team of men The ram tortoise was pushed by a team of men The ram tortoise was covered to protect men from arrows The ram tortoise was covered to protect men from arrows Also had a platform on top to allow archers to shoot at opposing defensesAlso had a platform on top to allow archers to shoot at opposing defenses

24. The Death Ray Invented by Archimedes, a Greek mathematician Invented by Archimedes, a Greek mathematician Used to defeat the Roman at Syracuse in 214 B.C. Used to defeat the Roman at Syracuse in 214 B.C. Archimedes used concave mirrors to refract sunlight Archimedes used concave mirrors to refract sunlight

26. The Steam Cannon Also invented by Archimedes Also invented by Archimedes Archimedes regulates the flow of steam through a series of tubes Archimedes regulates the flow of steam through a series of tubes When the pressure built up, it fired a cannon ball out of the cannon When the pressure built up, it fired a cannon ball out of the cannon

27. The Archimedes Screw Also invented by Archimedes Also invented by Archimedes A hallow pipe with a A hallow pipe with a spiral tube The screw scoops up The screw scoops up water as it is turned and carries the water up the spiral Once the water reaches the top, it drains from the pipeOnce the water reaches the top, it drains from the pipe