1. Chapter 18 section 2 Climate Regions What factors are used to classify climates? What are the six main climate regions? rainforest, savanna, desert, steppe, humid subtropical, subartic, tundra, permafrost

2. two major factors that classify climate: -temperature, precipitation six main climate regions: 1. tropical rainy 2. dry 3. temperate marine 4. temperate continental 5. polar 6. highlands

3. A. Tropical Rainy Climates 1. Two types: a. tropical wet b. tropical wet-and-dry

4. a. tropical wet year-round heat heavy rainfall vegetation grows lush and green rainforests -half of world’s species of land plants and animals are found here

6. b. tropical wet-and-dry have distinctive dry and rainy seasons savannas: tropical grasslands

10. B. Dry Climates include arid and semiarid climates often lie inland little rain or snow

12. a. arid: deserts get less than 25 cm. of rain a year

13. b. semiarid located on the edges of deserts steppe: dry but gets enough rainfall for short grasses to grow

15. C. Temperate Marine Climates three kinds: -marine west coast -humid subtropical -Mediterranean all three are humid and have mild winters

16. a. marine west coast mild, rainy winters thick forests of tall trees

17. b. Mediterranean coastal climate that is drier and warmer southern coast of California mild with two seasons

18. two main vegetation types: 1. dense shrubs and small trees 2. grasses with a few large trees

19. c. humid subtropical wet and warm southeastern United States summers are hot with more rainfall than in winter

21. D. Temperate Continental Climates extreme temperatures only found on continents humid continental and subartic

22. a. humid continental shifting tropical and polar air masses constantly changing weather moderate amounts of rain in summer smaller amounts of rain in winter

25. b. subartic lie north of humid continental climate summers are short and cool winters are long and bitterly cold

26. Alaska to eastern Canada

27. E. Polar Climates coldest climate region includes ice cap and tundra

28. a. ice cap found on Greenland and Antartica average temps are at or below freezing intense cold makes the air dry

32. b. tundra short, cool summers follow bitterly cold winters northern Alaska, Canada, Russia permafrost: layers of tundra soil that is permanently frozen too cold for trees

35. F. Highlands temperature falls as altitude increases, short summers and long severe winters