1. Ch. 16 - Evolution

2. Unit 4 – Evolution (Ch. 14, 15, 16) 1.Define Evolution 2.List the major events that led to Charles Darwin’s development of his theory of Evolution by means of Natural Selection 3.Summarize the major events of the Geologic Time Scale 4.Compare and contrast early experiments that support the concept of biogenesis and disproved spontaneous generation 5.List some examples of direct and indirect evidences of evolution 6.List the 6 different types of fossils & the technique used to identify the age of them. 7.Explain what the first cells were thought to be and give characteristics of them 8.Summarize the effects of the different types of Natural Selection on gene pools 9.Relate changes in genetic equilibrium to mechanisms of speciation 10.Explain the role of natural selection in convergent and divergent evolution 11.Analyze the Endosymbiotic Theory - including why the Mitochondria and Chloroplasts were thought to be on their own. 12.Compare and contrast modern theories of the origin of life 13.Explain how the structural and physiological adaptations of organisms relate to natural selection 14.Identify adaptations of primates 15.Distinguish the evolutionary relationships of primates 16.Summarize the major anatomical changes in hominids during human evolution 17.List the phylogeny of the human species from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens. 18.Identify what probable explanation allowed humans to get to North America

3.  4: Same as a 3.0 but I can make inferences & application to the SWBAT’s  3: I COMPLETELY understand all parts of the SWBAT  2: I understand MOST of the SWBAT’s with teacher help  1:I understand a little of the SWBAT’s but need teacher help  0:I do NOT understand any part of the SWBAT’s and need help!

4.  What is a primate Primate ○ Group of mammals that include lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Opposable thumbs – allows grasping Binocular vision – depth perception Large brain volume – in comparison to body size Rotating shoulder and arm flexibility Varying degrees of grasping ability with feet Primate Adaptations and Evolution

6.  Do the Ch. 16-1 Study Guide in your Unit 4 Packet, pages ZZ.  Do the Human Evolution Webquest  There will be a quiz on Ch. 16 when we finish the notes and a test the day after.

7.  Division of primates Prosimians – small, nocturnal, in tropical forests ○ Lemurs, aye-ayes, tarsiers Anthropoids – human like primates with more complex brains and a more upright posture ○ Monkeys, apes, humans Primate Origin

8.  Monkeys – divided into two types New world monkeys ○ Found in south central American rainforest ○ Have prehensile tail – for grasping Old world monkeys ○ Found in a variety of habitats in Asia and Africa ○ Do not have a prehensile tail Primate Origin

9.  Hominids Primates that can walk upright on two legs ○ 5-8 million years ago two lines of hominids diverged from one common ancestor Human line African ape line (gorilla and chimpanzees) Hypothesis based on DNA evidence, there is little fossil evidence Human Origin

10.  Bipedal Fossils Foramen Magnum ○ Hole in the base of the skull for spinal cord Indicates upright posture Broadening of the pelvis allows for stability Locking knee joint  Advantage of Bipedal Speed Hands free Human Ancestry

11.  Australopithecine – early hominid that lived in Africa that possess ape and human features  A. afarensis by D. Johanson Nicknamed “LUCY” Walked upright, but had a small brain based on skeleton Estimated to have lived 3.5 mya  A. africanus Discovered by R. Dart Estimated to have lived 1-2 mya Human Ancestry

12.  Homo habilis – “handy man” earliest hominid to leave evidence of stone usage Larger brain size 1.5-2 mya Found in Africa by Louis and Mary Leakey  Homo erectus-“upright human” – first to use fire Larger brain size 1.6 mya May have hunted Modern Humans

13.  Homo sapiens – “modern humans” 100-400 thousand years ago  Neanderthals – H. sapiens w/ brain size like “us” Lived in Europe, Asia, and Middle East ○ 35-100 thousand years old ○ Thick bones and large faces ○ Believed to have used spoken language and have religious views Buried their dead Modern Humans

14.  Cro-Magnon – H. sapien identical to modern humans in height, skull structure, tooth structure, and brain size Tool makers and artists Used spoken language  Exact evolutionary relationships are not known Modern Humans

15.  Finish the Ch. 16 Study Guides in your Unit 4 Packet, pages ZZ.  There will be a quiz tomorrow on Ch. 16 and a test the day after.  Do the Human Evolution Webquest

16. Unit 4 – Evolution (Ch. 14, 15, 16) 1.Define Evolution 2.List the major events that led to Charles Darwin’s development of his theory of Evolution by means of Natural Selection 3.Summarize the major events of the Geologic Time Scale 4.Compare and contrast early experiments that support the concept of biogenesis and disproved spontaneous generation 5.List some examples of direct and indirect evidences of evolution 6.List the 6 different types of fossils & the technique used to identify the age of them. 7.Explain what the first cells were thought to be and give characteristics of them 8.Summarize the effects of the different types of Natural Selection on gene pools 9.Relate changes in genetic equilibrium to mechanisms of speciation 10.Explain the role of natural selection in convergent and divergent evolution 11.Analyze the Endosymbiotic Theory - including why the Mitochondria and Chloroplasts were thought to be on their own. 12.Compare and contrast modern theories of the origin of life 13.Explain how the structural and physiological adaptations of organisms relate to natural selection 14.Identify adaptations of primates 15.Distinguish the evolutionary relationships of primates 16.Summarize the major anatomical changes in hominids during human evolution 17.List the phylogeny of the human species from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens. 18.Identify what probable explanation allowed humans to get to North America

17.  4: Same as a 3.0 but I can make inferences & application to the SWBAT’s  3: I COMPLETELY understand all parts of the SWBAT  2: I understand MOST of the SWBAT’s with teacher help  1:I understand a little of the SWBAT’s but need teacher help  0:I do NOT understand any part of the SWBAT’s and need help!