1. The Cold War: Second Red Scare Cold War Consensus and McCarthyism

2. Cold War Consensus The Munich Analogy Global Threats Dominos Fear of Totalitarianism

3. The Results: A 2nd Red Scare Espionage a political issue. Democrats smeared as traitors. Reckless investigations led to a common belief in “guilt by association.” HUAC demanded that people explain past beliefs and old friendships.

4. Truman Set up Loyalty Review Boards Set up by Truman March 1947 Purpose? –Investigate Federal government employees and dismiss those deemed disloyal to the U.S. 2000+ Quit 212 Dismissed

5. Evidence The VENONA Project (1943): the interception and decryption of secret Soviet transmissions

6. House on Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Formed in 1947, it investigated communist influence, including its presence in the movie industry. Actor & future President Ronald Reagan facilitated this process.

7. “Red Baiting” Richard Nixon – Orange County Conservative HUAC participant – tried Hiss Won elections by associating opponents with communism Congressmen, Senator, and Vice President between 1946 and 1952

8. The Greatest “Red Baiter” Senator Joseph McCarthy Household name by falsely claiming he had a list of more than 200 communists in the State Department (1950) Limited to no evidence Reckless

9. McCarthyism: Unfair Tactics

12. McCarthyism & Civil Liberties

13. Nixon and “gutter politics”

14. Everyone was suspect

15. The Reckless Investigation

16. The Hollywood Ten 10 Hollywood screenwriters and directors who refused to testify before HUAC.10 Charged with contempt of Congress. Claimed 1 st Amendment right of free speech Hollywood:

17. Blacklisted Following a meeting of film industry executives, MPAA president Johnston issued a press release on the executives' behalf that is today referred to as the Waldorf Statement. The statement declared that the ten would be fired or suspended without pay and not reemployed until they were cleared of contempt charges and had sworn that they were not Communists. The first Hollywood blacklist was now in effect.

18. Spies

19. The Cambridge Spies : Soviet agents in the British Secret Service (MI6) These men passed information to the USSR during World War II and into the early 1950s.

20. Kim Philby

21. Donald Maclean

22. Guy Burgess

23. Anthony Blunt

24. John Cairncross

25. Their fate Philby, Burgess, and Maclean defected to the USSR and died there. Philby was buried with honors in the USSR. Blunt & Cairncross confessed and stayed in England.

26. Klaus Fuchs

27. Fuchs infiltrated the Manhattan Project Fuchs passed information about the atomic bomb to the USSR. Discovered in 1950, he spent 9 years in prison and then relocated to East Germany.

28. David Greenglass A sergeant in the US Army, he worked at America’s atomic laboratory. Greenglass passed atomic secrets to the USSR during WWII. Discovered in 1950, he served 9 years in prison.

29. Julius & Ethel Rosenberg

30. Did Ethel do it? Ethel Rosenberg was David Greenglass’ sister. It is likely that she knew of Julius’ actions but did nothing to support them. Her treatment remains controversial VENONA analyses strongly suggests Julius passed atomic secrets to the USSR during WWII.

31. Execution, 1953

32. Executive Branch Spies

33. Harry Dexter White, Treasury Department

34. Venona implicates White Accused of espionage, White maintained his innocence before Congress in 1947. He died shortly thereafter. The US government has concluded that he did pass secret Treasury Department data to the USSR during WWII.

36. Alger Hiss, State Department

37. Whitaker Chambers A former communist, Chambers testified before Congress that Hiss had been a Soviet agent during the 1930s. Hiss flatly denied this accusation under oath.

38. Perjury Conviction

39. IMPACT Intensified movements to provide maximum security, by defining loyalty in narrow terms Subversives…. Dissent and non- conformity were equated with treason Job security decline

40. The Lavender Scare In February 1950, the State Department fired 91 gays, arguing that they could blackmailed into becoming Soviet spies. In April 1953, President Eisenhower ordered that government agencies fire all those guilty of “sexual perversion.”

41. The China Hands

42. McCarthy’s Downfall In 1954 McCarthy made accusations against the US Army. Led to televised Senate investigation; and American people did not like McCarthy’s tactics. His popularity plummeted. The Senate censured him for misconduct. Descending into alcoholism, he died in 1957.