1. Brief History of Documentary Film D Chapman 2011

2. Early Beginnings In 1874 Pierre Janssen used a revolver photographic to record Venus passing the sun Around the same time Eadweard Muybridge filmed horses galloping These examples pointed the way for docos

3. Lumiere Camera In the mid 1890s the Louis Lumiere camera allowed for a new range of films of a bout one minute (a reel). Arrival of a Train was the first of many ‘arrival’ films http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dgL EDdFddk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dgL EDdFddk

4. While some early films were staged, most were actuality films In 1895 the Lumieres opened a cinema - and in two years were on every continent except Antarctica By 1896 ‘local’ films were hugely popular as audiences hoped to see themselves

5. In 1912, footage of Scott’s trip to the Antarctic launched a rebirth of the documentary as ‘exploration’ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aFU AsrrI48 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aFU AsrrI48

6. Nanook of the North In 1914 Robert Flaherty started filming on his expeditions to northern Canada In 1922 he released Nanook of the North It was the first feature length doco http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaDV ovGjNOc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaDV ovGjNOc

7. Propaganda Between World War I and WWII, propaganda films emerged from many countries The American, Frank Capra, created the Why We Fight series to convince the public to go to war http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBUK RAE2O9c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBUK RAE2O9c

8. Cinéma-vérité During the 1950s Cinéma-vérité emerged (name for Vertov and his Soviet Kino-Prada of the 1920s) Handheld cameras and natural lighting allowed for a personal feel to the films Very similar to Direct Cinema

9. The Outsiders Documentary film makers are often independent as they seek to portray stories that are often controversial or unpopular with governments, companies or people with power.

10. They “shun the big studio” and prefer the “world outside the studio” They eschew “invented action” in order to reveal the truth. - Erik Barnouw

11. Source Documentary - a history of non-fiction film Erik Barnouw, Oxford University Press, 1993

12. Analysing the Documentary Film By D Chapman 2011 By D Chapman 2011

13. Story Basics Exposition - the information that grounds in the story The Narrative Spine (or Train) - films move forward, taking the audience with them Arc - the ways the events shape the characters

14. Story Basics Cont. Plot and Character What the Protagonist Wants -Active vs Passive (goals and heroes) Difficulty and Tangibility - the goal must be difficult, but real

15. Story Basics Cont. Worthy Opponent Emotional Impact and Audience Participation A satisfactory ending

16. Thinking about a Doco What is the hook? What is the intended audience? How is time presented? Film is linear - but is the story? When is time collapsed? Expanded?

17. Thinking about a Doco How is music used? How are voice-overs used? What is the effect of the camera angles and shots? Does colour play a role? What about lighting?

18. More Questions to consider http://personal.centenary.edu/~jhendric/ film_seminar/analyzing_documentary_fi lms.htmlhttp://personal.centenary.edu/~jhendric/ film_seminar/analyzing_documentary_fi lms.html

19. Techniques Voice-overs Interviews Archival Footage Reconstructions Montage Exposition

20. Sources Benard, Sheila, Documentary Storytelling, Second Edition, Focal Press, 2007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentar y_film_techniques#Documentary