1. Unit 9 Modern SC

2. 8-7.1 Compare the social and economic impact of World War II and the Cold War on South Carolina with its impact on the rest of the United States, including the increases in the birth rate; the emergence of the consumer culture; the expanding suburbanization, highway construction, tourism and economic development; the continuing growth of military bases and nuclear power facilities; and the increases in educational opportunities

3. 8-7.2 Analyze the movement for civil rights in South Carolina, including the impact of the landmark court cases Elmore v. Rice and Briggs v. Elliot; civil rights leaders Septima Poinsette Clark, Modjeska Monteith Simkins, and Matthew J. Perry; the South Carolina school equalization effort and other resistance to school integration; peaceful efforts to integrate beginning with colleges and demonstrations in South Carolina such as the Friendship Nine and the Orangeburg Massacre. 8-7.3 Explain changing politics in South Carolina, including the role of Strom Thurmond, the shift from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party, the increasing political participation of African Americans and women, and the passage of the Education Improvement Act (EIA). 8-7.4 Summarize key economic issues in present-day South Carolina, including the decline of the textile industry, the state’s continuing right-to-work status, the changes in agricultural emphasis, the growing globalization and foreign investment, the influx of immigrants and migrants into the Sunbelt, the increased protection of the environment, the expanding number of cultural offerings, and the changes in tax policy.

4. The 50’s

5. How did the end of WWII affect SC? Returning veterans used the GI Bill benefits to get an education or start new businesses, boosting the South Carolina economy in the process. Post-war baby boom Pent-up consumer demand and the needs of growing families led to the development of the consumer culture and contributed to the growth of suburbs. Federal and state highway construction, the availability of the automobile and growing industry contributed to the continuation of the shift from rural to urban areas and now to the suburbs that continues to the present.

7. How did education change after WWII? Growing families, the desire to attract industry, and Cold War competition with the USSR meant that states and local governments were called on to improve education. School year extended to 9 months and the 12th grade added to high schools. Technical colleges were created that would attract economic investment to South Carolina as it supplied an educated and trained work force to meet industry specifications. As the result of court cases on civil rights, South Carolina invested more heavily in schools to preserve segregation.

8. How did SC tourism grow in the 50’s? Northerners bought up former plantations for hunting, horse racing, and relaxation. These large tracts of land were purposely left undeveloped providing the state with parcels that later became parks and preserves for research, recreation and tourism [such as Brookgreen Gardens and Huntington State Park]. The wide availability of the automobile and the expansion of highways accelerated the development of South Carolina’s tourist industry. Motels and fast food restaurants followed the building of highways and resort development gave Americans a place to go. The greater availability of air conditioning contributed to the growth of tourism during the hot summer months. Charleston and the South Carolina coast, especially Myrtle Beach, became popular vacation destinations.

9. How did the Cold War impact SC? Military spending spawned industries that have provided jobs. Savannah River Nuclear Plant was built to provide weapons grade plutonium for the United States nuclear arsenal. It continues to provide jobs and an economic boost to the region, despite the end of the Cold War.

10. Civil Rights in SC

11. Court Cases to know CaseImportance Elmore vs. RiceEnded South Carolina’s white primary. Finally assured African American fair voting rights in SC Briggs vs. ElliotClarendon County. Parents sue for buses. Case is dismissed. Tried again in federal court as part of the Brown vs. Board of Education lawsuit which overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and ended legal school segregation in the US.

12. People to Know Person or Group Septima Poinsette Clark public school teacher Sued for equal pay for African American and white teachers. member of the NAACP, Clark left South Carolina when the state legislature passed a bill saying that public employees could not belong to any civil rights organization served in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference led by Dr. King founded citizenship schools to improve literacy among the African American community and increase voter registration. Mojeska Monteith Simkins teacher and public health worker. NAACP equalize teachers’ salaries and to reform the white primary Simkins also helped write the declaration for the lawsuit that asked for the equalization of Clarenden County schools

13. People to Know Benjamin F. Perry first graduate of the new law school at South Carolina State to pass the bar exam defended the right of an African American student to attend Clemson fought for the adoption of single-member districts in South Carolina's House of Representatives, making it possible for more black lawmakers to get elected. South Carolina’s first African American federal judge. Friendship 9 9 students from Friendship College Arrested while trying to integrate a lunch counter “Jail, No Bail” campaign

14. Events to Know Orangeburg Massacre- 3 SC State students killed during demonstrations to desegregate a local bowling alley.

15. SC Politics

16. SC Politics through the years 1790s Federalist G.W. Strong government 1800s1860s1930s Dixiecrat Southern democrats don’t like FDR’s New Deal helping African Americans or Truman’s desegregation of the US military Strom Thurmond 1960s Republican Whites in SC leave Democrats after JFK and Johnson support Voting Rights Act and Civil Rights Act Democratic- Republican T.J. Democrat Oppose Lincoln’s Republicans Proslavery

17. SC’s Modern Economy

18. What happened to agriculture after WWII? Fewer farmers More machines Tobacco replaces cotton as #1 cash crop Few tenant farmers By 1970, more people live in SC cities

19. How did industry grow? leading sea port Railroads, airports, and highway expansion Technical colleges to create skilled workforce The State Development Board- recruit businesses from other parts of the country; offers tax breaks, encourages lack of labor unions

20. What is a “Right to Work” state? SC law says factories cannot require Union membership for employees Union’s are less common in SC

21. What industries left SC? Textiles- closed in the 1990’s when NAFTA (North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement) removed all tariffs and the textile industry moved out of the country Military- Charleston Naval Ship Yard and Myrtle Beach Air Force Base closed in the 1990’s. The recent wars in the Middle East have recently strengthened SC’s military economy

22. How has SC’s education system changed in recent years? Education Improvement Act – $.01 added to sales tax to improve education Improvement in graduation rate and the number of students who attend college achievement gap continues to be the legacy of years of discrimination in educational opportunity