2. World War I Causes of the Great War

3. WHY IT MATTERS NOW Ethnic conflict in the Balkan region, which helped start the war, continued to erupt in that area in the 1990s.

4. Causes of The Great War Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

5. Militarism Build-up of weaponsAND Increase of troops In many major countries in Europe

6. (Entangling) Alliances: Countries such as France, Russia and England (Triple Entente) and Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Germany were eager to ally to protect each other and feel secure. Thus one country going to war with another dragged many others in. What is an ally?

7. Alliances Before 1914 Europe had a balanced set of alliances Triple Alliance (Germany, Austro-Hungary, Italy) Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia) that had proved able to solve disputes African colonialism 1905, 1911 Balkan Wars 1912-1913 Diplomacy failed in 1914 Led to a great arms race with each country trying to be more powerful than the others

8. Triple Alliance  Germany  Austria-Hungary  Italy

9. Triple Entente  Great Britain  France  Russia *Ensures that Britain will not fight against France or Russia

10. Imperialism Economics and power were driving forces in the quest for colonial riches, especially in Africa. Competition for more land

11. Nationalism belief that people should be loyal to their country and have extreme pride in their country. Competition rose between nations due to rivalry over territories, materials, and markets. strong sense of pride = “need” strong military to protect worldwide interests.

12. The Balkans Ottoman Empire in decline, new nations/countries forming New nations brought nationalism  Bulgaria  Greece  Romania  Serbia Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina

13. What is diplomacy? 1 : the art and practice of conducting negotiations between nations 2 : skill in handling affairs without arousing hostility

14. What caused diplomacy to fail in 1914? Balkan states fighting for independence Nationalist movement seeking independence from Ottoman Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire Serbia was independent and they helped Bosnia in an underground war against Austro-Hungary

15. The Final Straw Austro-Hungarian King and Queen visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife Sophie shot by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian citizen Ferdinand (the heir to thrown of Austro- Hungarian empire is assassinated by a Bosnian Serb seeking independence

16. Why would this assassination set off a major world war? Nationalist feeling in Bosnia Austrians blame Serbians and demand unrealistic retributions Serbians prepare for war with Austro-Hungarians

17. Both Triple Entente and Triple Alliance were interested in results of Balkan nationalistic movement for their own interests Extreme diplomatic stress on treaties and system of alliances Remain true to treaty and go to war? Break treaty and declare neutrality? How did this incident lead to a global conflict?

18. Why and how did diplomacy fail? Austria’s stubborn refusal to compromise and desire to regain authority Russia’s alliance with Serbia and popular demand for Serbian nationalism (shared ties with Russians) Germany’s desire for more power France’s demand of checking German power Alliances

19. 1882 Triple Alliance formed. 1890s European arms race 1908 Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1890 German foreign policy changed. 1907 Triple Entente formed. 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife killed. Timeline of major events leading to World War I

20. Why might the “machinery of war,” set in motion by the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, have been difficult to stop?

21. Possible Answers Intense nationalism prompted nations to compete for superiority in all areas. Militarism had led to the establishment of large armies, as well as to the glorification of military might. The alliance system required its members to support one another in case of war.