1. World War I

2. IMPERIALISM DESIRE FOR MORE COLONIES; EXPANSIONISM Britain, France, Germany, Italy competed for colonies in Africa & Asia NATIONALISMPRIDE & LOYALTY IN ONE’S OWN COUNTRY; PATRIOTISM Strong feelings of pride; need to prove themselves MILITARISM BELIEF IN A LARGE MILITARY FORCE Major powers built up armies & navies ALLIANCESFRIENDSHIPS, ASSOCIATIONS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES European nations had competing alliances

3. Gavrilo Princip was one of three men sent by the radical group known as “The Black Hand” to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, during his visit to Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. Gavrilo was joined by 4 others that lined the route Ferdinand was taking to the city hall for the reception and speeches. Each was armed with a gun, a grenade, and a vile of cyanide. One of the conspirators threw a grenade at the Archduke’s car. The driver took evasive action and quickly sped from the scene. The grenade bounced off the back of the car and rolled underneath the next car, exploding seconds later; two of its occupants were severely injured. Ferdinand attended the reception at the city hall and complained vociferously about his reception at the city. What is the good of your speeches? I come to Sarajevo on a visit, and I get bombs thrown at me. It is outrageous!" Archduke Franz Ferdinand interrupting the Mayor's welcome speech at Sarajevo's city hall, 28 June 1914.

4. Following the reception, Archduke Ferdinand decided that he wished to visit those that were injured in the explosion and taken to the hospital. His driver, however, did not realize that the route was different. Slowing down at a side street to take an alternate route, he came to a stop in front of a café in which Gavrilo happened to be. Seizing the opportunity, Gavrilo pulled the trigger on his gun, hitting the Archduke in the neck, and his wife, Sophie in the abdomen. Gavrilo tried to turn the gun on himself, but bystanders restrained him for the police. There was no opportunity for him to take the cyanide. He was imprisoned until he died of tuberculosis in April, 1918. This action, however, started World War I.

5. Ultimatum was delivered to Serbia from Austria-Hungary that they would allow them (Austria) to investigate the assassination of the Archduke on their own. Additionally, they would have to eliminate all anti-Austrian propaganda as well as terminate all terrorist organizations (most importantly being “The Black Hand”. They had 48 hours to respond. On receipt of the ultimatum, Serbia at once appealed to Russia. Russia believed that Austria did not come up with this idea on their own…this was a plot by Germany to use this assassination to benefit their own takeover of valuable land in the area. Unsatisfied with Serbia’s response to her ultimatum, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914. Russia, bound by treaty to Serbia, announced mobilization of it’s army. Germany viewed Russian mobilization as an act of war against Austria- Hungary. Allied by treaty, Germany declared war on Russia, August 1.

6. SERBIA RUSSIA FRANCE BRITAIN: Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand Italy Austria-Hungary Germany Turkey Ottoman Empire CENTRAL POWERS ALLIED POWERS USA Bulgaria

8. “This is a dark day and a dark hour. The sword is being forced into my hand. This war will demand of us enormous sacrifice in life and money, but we shall show our foes what it is to provoke Germany.” – Kaiser Wilhelm II, July 31, 1914

9. Treaty of Versailles: *Germany is made to take the blame for WWI. *Had to pay $33 billion in war reparations *Divided up Austria and Hungary *Created Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia *Gave Poland independence Wilson’s 14 Points: 14 th : League of Nations