1. subject :- Building Construction Classification of stairs & vertical transportation system Seminar on Guided by :- Snehal M. Mistry Presented by :- 130940106028 – Nadoda Navin 130940106029 - Narola Darshan

2. Classification of stairs 1.straight flight stairs 2.turning stairs i. Quarter turn stairs ii. Half turn stairs a. Dog legged stairs b. Open well stairs iii. Three quarter stairs 3.geological or continuous stairs

3. 1.straight flight stairs This type of stairs are running continuous throughout their entire length in one direction only. This type of stairs are used for small houses,where long but narrow space is available to accommodate the single flight of stairs.

5. 2.turning stairs 1.Quarter turn stairs:-  When the direction of flight is changed at right angles to the left or to the right, quarter turn stairs are used.

7. 2.Half turn stairs  A. dog legged stairs:-  this type of stairs are used when the length of the staircase is restricted and width is such that only two flights can be accommodated.  In this stairs, the direction of the flight is turned by 180 degree, by the introduction of half space landing at the turn.  B. open well stairs:-  When the space left is more, a small flight containing three to four steps may be introduced at the turn, between the two- quarter space landings.

10. 3. Three quarter turn stairs :- This types of stairs are used, when the length and breadth of the stair room is limited and the vertical distance two floors is quite large.

12. 4. Bifurcated stairs :- This type of stair is commonly used in Aristocratic public building at their entrance hall.

14. 3.Geometrical stair in this type of stair, the strings and handrails are continuous without any intervening newel post and are set out in accordance with geometrical principles. A. Circular stairs B. Spiral stairs C. Helical stairs

18. Vertical transportation system Two types of vertical transportation system; 1. Elevators or Lifts 2. escalators

19. 1.Elevators or Lifts The elevators may be used for moving both people and materials in building having more than four storeys. People movers are described as passenger elevators. The elevators used for moving materials are called freight elevators. For a very tall building, with a large number of elevators, the space of the lower layers may be a major portion of the whole building plan.

21. 2.Escalators An escalator is a power driven, continuous moving stair way designed to transport passenger up and down short vertical distance. Escalator are used around the world to move pedestrian traffic in places where elevators would be impractical. Principle areas of usages include shopping centers, airport, transit system, hotels, public building, etc.

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