1. Global Health Research Methods and International Research Ethics

2. The Global Forum for Health Research is an international foundation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland established in 1997 to increase the amount of research into global health issues.GenevaSwitzerland The Global Forum represents all the parties interested in health research: governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), United Nations agencies, research centers, universities, and the pharmaceutical industry. It draws attention to global health research aims with an annual forum that draws together international health researchers and policy makers. The Global Forums take place in a different international location each year. As a non-profit foundation the Global Forum is currently funded by the World Bank, the World Health Organization; the governments of Brazil, Canada, Ireland, Mexico, Norway, Switzerland; and private philanthropy groups including the Rockefeller Foundation.World BankWorld Health OrganizationRockefeller Foundation THE 10/90 DEBATE: Only 10% of the world's health research spending is targeted at 90% of present health problems

3. Taxonomy of data sources may consist of: Abstracts and summaries on global health issues Nationally sponsored reports by government agencies Independently published studies by global health researchers Tabulated data reporting by national agencies Secondary data available for integration and analysis by independent investigators

4. SAMPLE OF GLOBAL AGENCIES THAT MAINTAIN TABULATED OR SECONDARY DATA www.globalhealth.org www.worldbank.org www.unaids.org/en/default.asp www.who.int www.gatesfounddation.org/default.htm www.populationcouncil.org

5. Primary data or Raw data is a term for data collected from a source. Raw data has not been subjected to processing or any other manipulation.data Concerns of stigma or risks Flexibility is vital for field research Volumes of raw data are accurately merged and integrated for later retrieval and analysis

6. Geospatially mapping: Geospatial analysis is an approach to applying statistical analysis and other informational techniques to geographically based data. Other uses of GIS include: Determining geographical distribution or dispersion of diseases Analysis of spatial and temporal (time) trend data Visually overlapping other data (demographics) Observing structural intervention (mosquito nets distribution and new cases of Malaria)

7. Theoretical ethics: general theories or principles Applied ethics: Examines the application of the above (case studies)

8. Fair distribution of authorship credit among members of a research team Issues of plagiarism Ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of data collection, analyses, and report Responsible treatment of research subjects Balancing the needs of subjects with a researcher’s responsibility to society

9. Defined as “any manipulation, test, or procedure of an experimental nature performed on a human being as part of a scientific or social science investigation

10. Ethical considerations when human subjects are used in research are: Justifications for the use of placebo controls The adequacy of informed consent Subject risk versus benefits in areas of potential harm Selection of subjects into control and intervention groups

11. Experiments conducted on humans during the war years in the name of science include: Pg 158 The ethics of research… High levels of electricity and radiation Hypothermia Decompression Vaccination and infection -Typhus-Tetanus -Tuberculosis -Smallpox -Malaria-Scarlet fever

12. Present what these guidelines are, what year it was developed, and was it in response to any research: 1.The Nuremberg Code 2.Declaration of Helsinki 3.The Belmont Report 4.The International Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects

13. Deadly Deception