1. Cartography – The production and study of map making Must involve the Abstraction and/or Generalization of real or imagined environments

2. Abstraction: similarity to real life Map of a part of Namibia

3. Generalization: level of detail Map of Winooski

4. Cartography – The production and study of map making To be interpretable, maps must employ design principles

5. Cartographic Design Principles Color/Hue Avoid strong contrasts Don’t use red and green on the same map if you can avoid it Choose a color that makes sense Don’t use color if you are unsure about color printing options Use white or black background, not something in between

6. Cartographic Design Principles Color/Hue Avoid strong contrasts Don’t use red and green on the same map if you can avoid it Choose a color that makes sense Don’t use color if you are unsure about color printing options Use white or black background, not something in between

7. Cartographic Design Principles Color/Hue Avoid strong contrasts Don’t use red and green on the same map if you can avoid it Choose a color that makes sense Don’t use color if you are unsure about color printing options Use white or black background, not something in between To many color blind people, these two colors look the same

8. Cartographic Design Principles Color/Hue Avoid strong contrasts Don’t use red and green on the same map if you can avoid it Choose a color that makes sense Don’t use color if you are unsure about color printing options Use white or black background, not something in between

9. Cartographic Design Principles Color/Hue Avoid strong contrasts Don’t use red and green on the same map if you can avoid it Choose a color that makes sense Don’t use color if you are unsure about color printing options Use white or black background, not something in between

10. Cartographic Design Principles Color/Hue Avoid strong contrasts Don’t use red and green on the same map if you can avoid it Choose a color that makes sense Don’t use color if you are unsure about color printing options Use white or black background, not something in between

11. Cartographic Design Principles Figure (the stuff that matters on the map) vs. Ground (the background stuff) Balance colors to emphasize your important parts of the map and deemphasize the less important parts Try not to make the map too “busy” if you are trying to convey a simply message

12. How is the Figure vs. Ground in this map?

13. Cartographic Design Principles Positioning Map elements (labels for cities, roads, rivers, etc.) North arrow (keep it simple) Legend (don’t include the word “legend” – this is self-evident) Scale bar (avoid Representative Fractions on final maps) Try to have a Top to Bottom, Left to Right structure to your map

14. Cartographic Design Principles Positioning Map elements (labels for cities, roads, rivers, etc.) North arrow (keep it simple) Legend (don’t include the word “legend” – this is self-evident) Scale bar (avoid Representative Fractions on final maps) Try to have a Top to Bottom, Left to Right structure to your map

15. Cartographic Design Principles Positioning Map elements (labels for cities, roads, rivers, etc.) North arrow (keep it simple) Legend (don’t include the word “legend” – this is self-evident) Scale bar (avoid Representative Fractions on final maps) Try to have a Top to Bottom, Left to Right structure to your map