1. Human Anatomy & Physiology Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System Respiratory System Digestive System

2. Cardiovascular System Layers of heart wall –Pericardium Parietal Visceral –Epicardium –Myocardium –Endocardium Heart valves

3. Basically 2 pumps –Right Pulmonary circulation –Left Systemic circulation

4. Heart Chambers & vessels –Right atrium Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava –Right Ventricle Pulmonary artery –Left atrium Pulmonary veins (2) –Left Ventricle Aorta

5. Heart Valves –Semilunar Outflow valves Pulmonary Aortic –Atrioventricular Strong Tricuspid Bicuspid –Mitral

6. Coronary circulation –First branch off aorta –Left Anterior descending Circumflex –Right

7. Conduction pathway –SA node Pacemaker –AV node –Bundle of His –Left & Right bundle branches –Purkinje fibers

8. Cardiaccycle Cardiac cycle

9. Electrocardiogram (ECG)

10. Blood Vessels Arteries –distribution of nutrients –maintenance of blood pressure Veins –takes waste products back to heart for circulation & disposal –valves keep flow going in one direction Capillaries –where internal respiration occurs »i.e. the exchange of O 2 & CO 2 between vessel & cell –where exchanges occur for nutrients, wastes, and fluids

11. Blood Composition Blood = Plasma (55%) + Formed Elements (45%) –Plasma = the liquid faction of blood; blood minus its formed element –Serum = plasma minus clotting factors

12. Pathology (diseases) Anemia Hemophilia Leukemia Phlebitis Varicose veins Aneurysm Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Thrombus & embolus Hypertension Congestive heart failure Coronary artery disease –Angina –Myocardial infarction

13. Lymphatic System Structures –Lymph –Lymphatic vessels Lacteals –Lymph nodes Tonsils Peyer’s patches –Thymus –Spleen –Thoracic duct –Lymphocytes B lymphocytes T lymphocytes Functions –Immunity (defense) –Remove excess fluids

14. Capillary exchange: Filtration and osmosis

15. Respiratory System Structures –Upper respiratory tract Nose Pharynx Larynx –Lower respiratory tract Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Lungs – Left = 2lobes –Right = 3 lobes Pleura –Parietal –Visceral Functions –Ventilation –Respiration

16. Respiration: External & Internal

17. Lung expansion and collapse

18. Pathology of Respiratory System Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Asthma Emphysema Chronic bronchitis (bronchiectasis) Lung cancer Pneumonia Pleurisy Tuberculosis (see next slide)

20. 3 accessory organs –Liver –Gallbladder –Pancreas Digestive System Structures –Mouth Salivary glands –Pharynx –Esophagus –Stomach –Small intestine Duodenum Jejunum Ileum –Large intestine Cecum (appendix) Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anus

21. Functions –Ingestion –Digestion –Absorption Villi Capillaries Lacteals –Elimination “busiest” area –Duodenum

22. Intestinal wall & absorption –Folds of mucous membrane –Rugae –Plicae –Villi –Microvilli

23. Pathology of the Digestive System Peptic ulcers Gastroenteritis Peritonitis Hepatitis Cirrhosis Gallstones Pancreatitis Hernia –Diaphragmatic –Umbilical –Inguinal Diverticulitis Ulcerative colitis Colon cancer

24. Diverticulosis & Diverticulitis in sigmoid colon

25. Hernias; Gallstones; Cancer