1. Alkaloids

2. Definition and general properties Naturally occurring compounds in plants (mainly!) Nitrogen containing (heterocyclic) basic compounds With strong physiological effect Occurring in the form of salt with organic acids Common precursors

3. Classification according to Origin Physiological effect Chemical structure

4. Structures

5. Characteristic groups of alkaloids Non-heterocyclic alkaloids 1.Ephedrine:- 2°amine - ephedra species - decongestant 2.Mescaline:- 1°amine (!) - peyote cactus - hallucinogen

6. Origin: primary and secondary alkaloids E.g. Opium alkaloids ~ 40: poppy alkaloids MorphineMorphine Codeine Codeine PapaverinePapaverine

8. Cinchona alkaloids ~ 30: Cinchona succirubra (tropical tree) QuinineQuinine QuinidineQuinidine CinchonineCinchonine

9. Tropane alkaloids: Belladonna, Coca alkaloids AtropineAtropine Hyoscyamine Hyoscyamine ScopolamineScopolamine CocaineCocaine Nicotina alkaloids: tobacco alkaloids NicotineNicotine Anabasine Anabasine NornicotineNornicotine

10. Marijuana

11. Physiological effect Narcotic analgesics (morphine)Narcotic analgesics (morphine) Muscle relaxant (papaverin)Muscle relaxant (papaverin) Analeptics (atropine)Analeptics (atropine) Antimalaria agent (quinine)Antimalaria agent (quinine)