1. SCALING UP COMPACT CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES – A SOLUTION TO COPE WITH URBAN SPRAWL IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ? SANAA ANABTAWI 1), WALTER TIMO DE VRIES 1), FAHRIA MASUM 1), JORGE ESPINOZA 2), CHRISTIAN GRAEFEN 2) 1) Land Management Department, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany 2) Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) 1

2. Outline 1.Introduction 2.Research Overall Objective 3.Compact City -Working Definition 4.Compact City Comprehensive Design 5.Jenin Case Study 6.Findings and Discussions 7.Conclusion and Recommendations 2/11

3. Urban sprawl is a global challenge Compact city strategies can provide necessary physical settings for limiting sprawl and contributing to the objectives of sustainable development. Local investigation of the relevance of compact city strategies Compact CitySprawl Introduction 3/11

4. Investigating the extent to which compact city solutions can be efficient and manageable in medium-sized developing country cities. Research Overall Objective 4/11

5. Compact city approach refers to a comprehensive urban development strategy that most of all aims at achieving a more efficient use of land through the intensification of urban development in existing urban spaces at reasonable rates while reducing urban sprawl. The strategy embodies a number of approaches to endorse mixing land uses and improving the quality of the living environment and it holds a strong connection to transport and mobility planning to sustain the achievement of its objectives. Compact City- Working Definition 5/11

6. Compact City Policy Comprehensive Design Major PolicySub-Policies Stimulating urban growth within existing boundaries Reduce urban sprawl into the surrounding Enhancing and diversifying the living environment within existing urban areas Providing more sustainable modes of transport Integrating complementary programs to minimise the negative effects of the major policies and reinforce their benefits Infill development Brownfield development Demarcating urban growth boundary Green belts Mixing land use Enhancing infrastructure Public green space Suitable environment for walking/ cycling Provide efficient public transport system Housing programs Enabling public participation Establish public private partnership 6/11

7. Case Study of Jenin/ State of Palestine Area : 21km² Gross density 2238 person/ km² Population: 47,305 inhabitants Population growth rate: 3.8% Located within valuable agricultural land of regional importance/ Sprawl /Lack of solution 7/11 Map 1. Locational distribution of Jenin’s urban development until 2014 View of the Northern Side of Jenin City

8. Core principles of Compact City Solutions ChallengesPotentials 1. Stimulating urban growth within existing boundaries Unaffordable land prices Planning act promote low density Deteriorated living environment in existing areas Adequate spatial capacity Moderate population growth rate 2. Reduce urban sprawl into the surrounding Urban sprawl reduces temporarily housing affordability problem Misuse of agricultural law Political will Weak enforcement of building regulations Existing demarcated growth boundary Under-development national spatial plan targets on sprawl containment 3. Enhancing and diversifying the living environment within existing urban areas Separation between functions Centralization of commercial land uses and services Limited budget of municipality 4. Providing more sustainable modes of transport Poor public transport system in limited parts Unsuitable pedestrian environment Significant demand for the existing public transport system Walking is a major mode of commute 5. Integrating complementary programs to minimise the negative effects of the major policies and reinforce their benefits No Palestinian housing policy Rare governmental housing projects Lack of public open spaces Shortage of public land 8/11

9. The findings and experiences in Jenin City could partially answer the core research question, to which extent compact city practice may be appropriate for a developing country context. On the one hand, the context has proved a need for such a development approach and showed the suitability of the approach to the spatial capacity of the city and the growth rate of population. In medium-sized cities pressure of the population growth is not as huge as in large cities. On the other hand, the findings have shown that the main challenges for the compact city solutions are institutional and financial arrangements. 9/11 Conclusions

10. These findings calls for further research to learn from the good practices of successful cities in implementing the compact city schemes, focusing on how do these cities deal with: housing affordability; providing green structure and open spaces; planning and integrating sustainable mobility; developing fund for investment in the city. The special situation of the State of Palestine, as being a country under occupation, requires consideration of the political vision when designing a local compact city strategy. 10/11 Recommendations

11. Any Questions or Comments? Thank you for your attention! 11/11