1. Testing i. explain the importance of system testing and installation planning;

2. Types of testing Before a piece of software is released it needs to be tested to ensure that it works properly. You need to know about types of testing: 1.Bottom Up Testing 2.Top Down Testing 3.Black box testing (functional testing) 4.White box testing (structural testing) 5.Integration testing

3. Bottom up testing Each individual module is tested as soon as it’s written using pre prepared testing Data. This Data should include: ● Normal Data ● Extreme values ● Incorrect data

4. Bottom up testing example Hangman Generate word Dictionary Ask for letter Check letter Print hangman Random number

5. Top down testing The skeleton of the complete system is tested, with individual modules being replaced by stubs which display a message if a procedure is executed. For example in a test website you might make it so that when you click ‘Add to basket’ you get a pop up saying addBasket() function called. Rather than doing anything.

6. Integration testing Integration takes place when all the modules have been individually tested to ensure that they work together correctly. This is where a good design is critical.

7. Black Box Testing Black box testing is carried out independently of the code being used in the program. It involves looking at the program specification and creating a set of test data that covers all the inputs and outputs and program functions. Black box testing techniques only care about inputs and outputs not how the system works. When Black Box testing ideally you would put every possible input into the system and check that you get the right answers out.

8. Black Box Testing example This program should double any number you put in. Is it working correctly? 2 -> -> 4 3 -> -> 9 4 -> -> 16

9. White Box Testing White Box Testing is dependant on the code logic and derives from the program structure then its function. The program code is studied and tests are devised that test every possible path at least once. White Box Testing tests the actual code to ensure that all the parts of the algorithm function as intended.

10. White Box Testing example This program should take a number and return the square if the initial number was even or return double the initial number if it was odd. Is it correct??