1. Antebellum Southern Hierarchy

3. Antebellum “Before the war” In US history, this typically refers to the pre-Civil War era.

4. Hierarchy A system of people or things ranked one above another

5. Cottonocracy Key Characteristics – Owned 20+ slaves – 3% of South’s population – Comparable to European aristocrats – Controlled & corrupted Southern politics, law enforcement, justice system, etc. Rights &Privileges – All those listed in the Constitution – Plus some… “above the law”

6. Cottonocracy Daily Jobs – Managed overseers & the finances of plantations – Led local, state, & national politics Long Term Contributions – Boosted South’s economy – banks, universities, transportation & clothing companies – Strengthened interregional &international trade relationships Learner Profile attribute?

7. Small Farmers 8% of South’s population Owned the land they farmed Owned 1-2 slaves Worked alongside their slaves

8. Poor Whites 50% of South’s population Rented land & paid with their crops (corn, potatoes, also cattle & pigs) Often struggled to feed their families Backcountry

9. Free African Americans 2% of South’s population Either descendants of freed slaves or had bought freedom Many near N/S border Couldn’t travel or vote Significant contributors – Norbert Rillieux: Machine that aided in sugar production – Henry Blair: Seed planter

10. Enslaved African Americans 33% of South’s population Worked 12-16 hours/day Rights varied across plantations Families were separated, & marriages weren’t official Spirituals influenced American music (jazz, blues, rock & roll) Spread Christianity

11. Southern Life

12. Southern Plantation Life

14. Slave Codes Slave behavior laws that denied basic rights Treated slaves as property to prevent rebellion and runaways Examples: – Forbidden to gather in large groups – Could not leave plantation without pass – Not allowed to own guns – Crime to learn to read or write – Could not testify in court

15. Slave Codes

16. Middle Passage Referred to the journey of slave ships from Africa to Americas (across Atlantic Ocean) Lasted 400 years Up to 3 million Africans died during passage

17. Middle Passage

18. Triangular Trade Europe to Africa: textiles rum manufactured goods Africa to Americas: gold slaves Americas to each other & Europe 13 colonies: tobacco, cotton, lumber Caribbean: sugar, molasses

19. Northern and Western Developments

20. Non-Mechanical Reaper

21. Mechanical Reaper

22. Transcontinental Railroad

23. Transcontinental Railroad Workers