1. Center of Excellence PEACE OPERATIONS COMMAND & CONTROL AND COMMAND & CONTROL AND TRANSITION ISSUES Lt Col (R) John Derick Osman Center of Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance

2. Center of Excellence u War Fighting u Real Enemy u Rules well known u Unlimited application of force u Doctrinal preparation u Clear Military Objectives u Complete training u Fight to win - as units PEACE WAR CONFLICT

3. Center of Excellence u War Fighting u Real Enemy u Rules well known u Unlimited application of force u Doctrinal preparation u Clear Military Objectives u Complete training u Fight to win-as units u Political operations u No enemy u No rules (factions) u Restricted application of force u Individuals impact on mission u High levels of civilian components u Mediation - negotiation u Financial Constraints PEACE WAR CONFLICT Peace Operations

4. Center of Excellence PEACE WAR CONFLICT Fire&Movement Peace Operations  Communication  Negotiation  Presence  Potential combat  Fire & Movement

5. Center of Excellence SUPPORT OPERATIONS MILITARYOPERATIONS MILITARY CIVILIAN CRISISSTABILISATION ECONOMIC & SOCIAL LIFESUPPORT OPERATIONAL PHASES LIFESAVINGPOLITICAL 5 to 10 years?

6. Center of Excellence CHAPTER VI / VII CHECKLIST Chapter VI Chapter VII Parties request assistance Commit to peaceful resolution Political will of the parties Consent to the operation Effective cease-fire Comprehensive agreement Parties assist the deployment Signature of SOFA PKO assists in consolidating the peace Conflict is ongoing Risk of renewed conflict high Parties not in agreement Risky internal situation Rogue elements not included Risk of external intervention Presence of foreign forces Self defense judged insufficient Legal basis for intervention needed SOFA PKO enforces the will of the SC

7. Center of Excellence Reconstruction Human Rights UN Force Military Role in Peace Operations SRSG Deputy ElectionsHumanitariansCIVPOLMilitary Force Primary military mission security training support security / protection / transport security on sites / protection / transport / medical emergency medical assistance to the election process Development secure environment / engineering /transport / materiel assistance to the reconstruction process Manage the mandate Coordinate effort of components Provide unity of effort assistance to long term development

8. Center of Excellence Reconstruction Human Rights MNF Military Role in Peace Operations SRSG Deputy ElectionsHumanitariansCIVPOLMNF Force Primary military mission security training support security / protection / transport security on sites / protection / transport / medical emergency medical assistance to the election process Development secure environment / engineering /transport / materiel assistance to the reconstruction process Manage the mandate Coordinate effort of components Provide unity of effort assistance to long term development MNF NATIONAL AUTHORITIES

9. Center of Excellence MNF Versus UN Military Mission u UN mandated / authorized u Like minded of Nations u Lead Nation concept u More robust structure u More rapid deployment u National logistics u Participating nations pay u Sustained combat capability u UN mandated / led u Broader range of participation u Slow deployment u Multi-national HQ u Optional UN or National logistics u Assessed contributions u No sustained combat capability UN Mission MNF

10. Center of Excellence Command & Control Issues u Communications is probably the most critical component of command and control –Common language – comprehension / consequences –Audience – own forces, parties to conflict, local population, national audience, international community, –Passage and understanding of information –Communicate the mission and concept of operations –Interpreting the commanders intent –Generating trust

11. Center of Excellence Command & Control Issues u Qualities of Leadership are essential to effective C2 –Good communicator –Ability to generate understanding –Willing to be educated –Effective use of subordinates u Training reduces C2 problems –Understanding of mission –Mission capabilities –ROE –Cultural awareness –Involvement of the Force Commander

12. Center of Excellence Command & Control Issues u Importance of briefings cannot be overstated –Logical thought process –Understandable to multi-national staff –Convince the leadership u Transmission of the Commander’s guidance is an essential C2 component

13. Center of Excellence Command & Control Issues u Identify who is important –Parties to the conflict –Host Nation –Key individuals –Media/ Press u Identify key points of contact –Nations –UN –Lead Nations u Understand the effect of mass communications

14. Center of Excellence Command & Control Issues u Established Coordination Mechanisms can reduce C2 problems –Exchange of liaison –SOPs, procedures – Briefings –Passage of information – formal / informal

15. Center of Excellence Military Involvement in the Non-Military Aspects of the Mission u Understand what are the legitimate tasks for each of the components u The commander will need to make informed decisions u Establishing priorities is the key u Political aspects of the mission may be as important as the military u The military mission may need to support other component requirements u The mission may not be able to accomplish all the tasks imposed by the mandate in the desired time frame

16. Center of Excellence Mission Command & Control Transition Issues u Mandate and mission will change u Early planning requires making key assumptions u Cooperation and coordination mechanisms need to be established early –the planning process requires continuous coordination between political, MNF, UN u Re-evaluation of the Chapter VI / VII mission may be necessary u Understanding of potential changes to Use of Force issues –Application of Rules of Engagement (ROE) will be a difficult part of transition

17. Center of Excellence u Support structures will be renegotiated in the UN mission –Logistics, Finance, personnel u Some key staff might transition u MNF Commander should not stay u Command relationships are critical - in the UN may be understood differently and need to be renegotiated u Transfer of authority u Internationalization of the force will occur –Training standards, interoperability, communications and language may be problems Mission Command & Control Transition Issues

18. Center of Excellence CHALLENGE u A seminar can only expose you to some aspects u Need to start your personal education based on this limited exposure u There are many resources – do not be afraid to use them