1. James L. Roark ● Michael P. Johnson Patricia Cline Cohen ● Sarah Stage Susan M. Hartmann CHAPTER 5 Colonial America in the Eighteenth Century, 1701–1770 The American Promise: A Concise History, Fifth Edition Understanding the American Promise, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Bedford/St. Martin's

2. I. A Growing Population and Expanding Economy in British North America 1. Phenomenal population growth 2. Expanding economy

4. Phenomenal Population Growth

6. II. New England: From Puritan Settlers to Yankee Traders A. Natural Increase and Land Distribution 1. New England population grew by natural increase 2. Limited amount of land B. Farms, Fish, and Atlantic Trade 1. Diversified commercial economy 2. Atlantic commerce 3. Wealth in New England

7. Triangular Atlantic Trade

8. Question 1 Why did settlement patterns in New England change from the 17 th -18 th century? Population growth-natural increase, economic, immigration-Germans & Scots-Irish, Religion-orthodox puritans

9. IV. The Southern Colonies: Land of Slavery A. The Atlantic Slave Trade and the Growth of Slavery 1. Southern colonies: upper south and lower south 2. African population increases exponentially 3. Demand for Slaves B. Slave Labor and African American Culture 1. Harsh working and living conditions 2. Evidence of resistance and rebellion 3. Slaves seek autonomy

11. Question 2 Why did slavery become the defining feature of the southern colonies? Tried indentured servitude but it did not meet labor demands. Slaves could work much longer hours without pay. Atlantic Slave Trade New England and Middle Colonies did not use slave labor making it unique to the south

12. Atlantic Slave Trade https://youtu.be/3NXC4Q_4JVg 5.38 https://youtu.be/3NXC4Q_4JVg

13. Slave Ship

14. Triangular Atlantic Trade

15. Cut away slave ship model

16. Slave Imports, 1451–1870 Estimated Slave Imports to the Western Hemisphere 1451–1600 275,000 1601–1700 1,341,000 1701–1810 6,100,000 1811–1870 1,900,000 Table 5.1

17. The Deadly Middle Passage p126 Eighty-five percent of slaves to the southern colonies came directly from Africa. Mortality during the Middle Passage varied considerably from ship to ship. On average, about 15 percent of the slaves died. In general, the longer the voyage lasted, the more people died. Smallpox, dysentery, and acute dehydration were leading causes of death. Men outnumbered women two to one. Children usually accounted for no more than 10 to 15 percent of the cargo.

18. Stono Rebellion 1739 Slave Revolt in South Carolina (20 slaves) Attacked a country store for guns, killed the 2 shop keepers. Rounded up more slaves and attacked surrounding plantations killing more than 20 men women and children before the rebellion was stopped. Largest slave uprising in the 13 colonies prior to the American Revolution. Over 40 slaves were also killed in ending the rebellion

19. IV. The Southern Colonies: Land of Slavery C. Tobacco, Rice, and Prosperity 1. Products of Slave labor 2. Southern colonies richest in North America

20. Question 3 How did slavery influence the society AND economy of the southern colonies? Slavery was so common in the southern colonies they were treated inferior- provide more information. Religion is used to justify the treatment Without the proper labor force the southern economy collapse. At one point their numbers increase.

21. V. Unifying Experiences A. Commerce and Consumption 1. Development of mass markets in Atlantic world 2. British consumer goods 3. Significance of individual choice B. Religion, Enlightenment, and Revival 1. Wide varieties of Protestant faith 2. Deism and the Enlightenment 3. Great Awakening

22. Trade Enumerated Goods Lumber Tobacco Rice Indigo Furs To England from Colonies

23. Manufactured Goods Furniture Clothing Colonials had not factories. From England to Colonies

24. The Enlightenment engaged the mind, but the Great Awakening engaged the heart.

25. Reasons for The Great Awakening People felt that religion was dry, dull and distant Preachers felt that people needed to be concerned with inner emotions as opposed to outward religious behavior People in the New England area could now read and interpret the Bible for themselves (individualism rather than institutionalism)

26. Outcomes of the Great Awakening Birth of deep religious convictions in the colonies Colonists could be bold when confronting religious authority, and break away if they were not meeting expectations Just as with religion, political power did not reside with English Monarchs, but with colonists self-governance Encouraged ideas of equality and right to challenge authority

27. Writing Assignment What was the dual identity of the British North Americans? British- working to support the British Empire even though they do NOT live there. Colonist- Separated from the mother country, time for change, changing ideology because they want different way of running their own religion, government/politics and society

28. V. Unifying Experiences D. Colonial Politics in the British Empire 1. Restrictions on colonial trade 2. Colonists resist royal interference in internal affairs 3. Colonial governors’ political position America’s First Great Awakening https://youtu.be/n-dk4-HBNWQhttps://youtu.be/n-dk4-HBNWQ 6:39 https://youtu.be/xKVjmmIXAhghttps://youtu.be/xKVjmmIXAhg 4:53