1. Algae for Wastewater Treatment Jeffrey Yau

2. Background As production of corn biofuel increases, more fertilizer run-off will contaminate country’s streams and rivers (Cimitile, 09) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Runoff_of_soil_& _fertilizer.jpg

3. “Dead Zones” Fertilizer run- off releases large amounts of pollutants into water systems, such as nitrates (Biello, 08) Image of U.S. Coast Line (Mississippi River Delta) Teal color represents hypoxia http://infranetlab.org/blog/wp- content/uploads/2008/08/08_08_14_dead_zones_aerials.jpg

4. Select Hypoxia Chart of Mississippi River Delta http://www.bu.edu/sjmag/scimag2008/images/dead%20zone.jpg

5. Knowledge Base http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/pollution/media/pol03d_700.jpg http://www.swcd.co.trumbull.oh.us/water%20pollution/water_11.jpg As more meat is being consumed, animal waste in mid-west farms accumulate rapidly, posing as a direct threat to the environment.

6. Nitrogen Cycle http://www.uwsp.edu/geO/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/earth_system/nitrogen_cycle_EPA.jpg

7. Denitrification Occurs in waterlogged soils and in natural waters that have become deficient in oxygen Involves reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas and nitrous oxide (Madigan; et al., 97) http://generalhorticulture.tamu.edu/lectsupl/Nutrient/p79f1.gif

8. Literature Review

10. Model Organism: Dunaliella salina

11. Do-Ability

12. Bibliography Biello, David. “Fertilizer Runoff Overwhelms Streams and Rivers – Creating Vast ‘Dead Zones’”. Scientific American. March 14, 2008. Biello, David. “Future of ‘Clean Coal’ Power Tied to (Uncertain) Success of Carbon Capture and Storage.” Scientific American. March 14, 2007. “Carbon Dioxide Snatched from the Air.” Science Daily. April 21, 2009. Cimitile, Matthew. “Corn Ethanol Will Not Cut Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” Scientific American. April 20, 2009. “Genome Sequencing Reveals Key to Viable Ethanol Production.” Science Daily. March 5, 2007. Howell, Katie. “NASA Aims for Future Fuel from Algae-Filled Bags of Sewage.” Scientific American. May 12, 2009. McGlashen, Andrew. “Sewage Plants May be Creating ‘Super’ Bacteria.” Scientific American. April 16, 2009. “Nitrogen Fixation in the Western English Channel.” Science Daily. January 19, 2009. Rai, L.C.; Tyagi, B.; Rai, P.K.; Mallick, N. “Interactive effects of UV-B and heavy metals (Cu and Pb) on nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism of a N2-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum. Environmental and Experimental Botany. Vol. 39, Pgs. 221-231., 1998. “Tiny Super-Plant Can Clean Up Animal Waste and be used for Ethanol Production.” Science Daily. April 13, 2009.