3. Fog The result of the condensation of water vapor in the air. Difference between fog and clouds is that fog forms very near the surface of the earth– where air close to the ground is cooled.

4. Radiation Fog Condensation of water vapor that results from the cooling of air that is in contact with the ground. –Also called Ground Fog

5. Thickest in valleys and low places Forms on calm, clear nights Thick around cities –More sources of smoke and dust

6. Advection Fog Condensation of water vapor that results from the cooling of warm, moist air as it moves across a cold surface.

7. Advection Fog

8. Common along coasts and may form over oceans.

9. Upslope Fog Condensation of water vapor that results from the lifting and cooling of air rising up a slope of land.

10. Basically a type of cloud formation at ground level

11. Condensation & Precipitation

12. What is dew? Type of condensation formed when air that is in contact with a cool surface loses heat until it reaches saturation. Likely to form on cool, clear nights when there is little wind. Condensation

13. So what is FROST then? Ice crystals formed when the dew point is below 0 degrees Celsius and water vapor directly enters the solid state. –Deposition

14. Hail Hail- formed when ice crystals fall into the updraft, accumulate supercooled droplets, and are then are forced upward and completely freeze. Hail falls out of a storm, when it is heavier than the updraft can sustain in the air

15. Hail Hail forms in nearly every thunderstorm, but rarely reaches the ground. This is because hail is rarely large enough to make it to the surface before it evaporates. What kinds of updrafts do you need for large hail? For golfball size hail – 55-60 mph updrafts For softball size hail- 100 mph updrafts

16. Hurricanes A severe tropical storm, with windspeeds starting at 120 km/hr. –D–Develop over warm, tropical oceans. –M–Most destructive storms on Earth. –F–Fall is most prevalent time June – November

17. How they form: 1)Warm, moist air evaporates and rises rapidly over the ocean.

18. 2) When moisture condenses a large amount of energy (latent heat) is released.

19. 3) Heat increases the force of rising air.

21. What do they look like? 1)Mostly cummulonimbus clouds. 2)The center of the storm is called the eye. –This region is calm and clear.

22. Why are they dangerous? 1)Torrential rains can cause mass flooding 2)Rising sea level and large waves can destroy low-lying coastline. –C–Called storm surge * Most hurricane deaths are due to drowning*

23. View the destruction…

24. Thunderstorms A storm accompanied by thunder, lightening, and strong winds.

25. Lightning Positive charge at top of cloud, negative in middle, positive at the ground. Thunder – vibrations in the air caused by rapid expansion and contraction of air.

26. Statistics: –Bolts are 1.25 cm – 2.50 cm in diameter –Bolts can be hotter than the sun. –100 people killed each year by lightening –1,000 people report being struck –Estimated 1,000 don’t report strike = 1,900 people survive lightening strikes a yr. - 1 in 3 million chance of being struck

27. Tornadoes- A whirling, funnel- shaped cyclone

28. Form when a thunderstorm meets high-altitude, horizontal winds. –This causes the rising air to begin rotating

29. Tornado Time: Late spring – early summer time

30. Danger! High wind speeds 200-300 is possible!

31. Worst tornado disaster: –T–Tri-state tornado (1925) – IL, IN, KY 219 mph winds, moving 73 mph 695 dead