1. DEFENSIVE DRIVING CHAPTER 5

2. OBJ: YOU WILL BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE IPDE PROCESS AND ROAD RAGE  What is the IPDE process?

3. PREVENTING ACCIDENTS - IPDE IPDE  Identify – use a visual Other roadway users, road, position of your vehicle  Predict Actions of other users, control of your vehicle, consequences  Decide – what actions are best Change of speed, control of your vehicle, communication  Execute – take action Accelerate, brake, slow down, steer, communicate

4. IPDE TWO HIKERS ARE IN YOUR PATH OF TRAVEL. WHAT ACTIONS SHOULD YOU TAKE? Identify – Predict – Decide – Execute –

5. PREVENT A COLLISION Accident prevention formula 1. Be alert 2. Be prepared 3. Act in time

6. ???  What does aggressive driving look like?

7. AGGRESSIVE DRIVING / ROAD RAGE  Progression of unlawful driving actions including altering the speed of a vehicle, making improper lane changes, disregarding traffic control devices, failing to yield the right of way and tailgating.  Extreme cases of aggressive driving leads to road rage Road rage- motorists lose their tempers or become frustrated because of a traffic disturbance - more likely to cause a collision *Have you ever experiences someone with road rage? Road rage

8. DISTRACTIONS  What are some distractions while driving?  Why do you think distractions can be serious?  Have you ever experienced a distracted driver?

9. DISTRACTIONS *In many cases, collisions are caused by a distracted motoristdistracted  Lighting a cigarette  Fasten seatbelt  Reaching to grab something  Getting $ for tolls  Watching children or pets in vehicle  Reading  Eating  Adjusting mirror  Cell phones  Adjusting radio  Applying makeup  Shaving RobbinsvilleRobbinsville

10. HIGHWAY HYPNOSIS  Can not drive well and reaction time is reduced  A tired driver can be as dangerous as a drunk driver *Maggie's Law* – 2003 illegal to knowingly drive a vehicle while impaired by lack of sleep Highway hypnosis  Trance like state that may be avoided by not looking at any one thing for more than a few seconds How to avoid it?  Not looking at any one object

11. HIGHWAY HYPNOSIS Drowsy driving Drowsy driving – who is at risk? Drowsy drivingDrowsy driving  Sleep deprived  Driving long distances  Driving through the night  Taking medicine  Driving alone  Driving long rural roads  Shift workers  Commercial drivers

12. COMMUNICATING Communicate with motorists by all available means and signals. Always stay in the lane that shows where you intend to turn.  Turn signals  Hand signals  Eye contact  Horn  Flip head lights quickly

13. SAFE DISTANCE  One Car Length Method- For every 10mph you are traveling, leave one car length between you and the car you are following (Ex. 5 car lengths if traveling at 50 mph  Three Second Rule- Keep 3 seconds of distance between you and the car you are following. 1. Pick a fixed object ahead of you. 2. When the car in front of you passes that object—begin counting. 3. If it takes at least 3 seconds for you to reach that object you are at a safe following distance.

14. FOLLOWING DISTANCE Road Condition 20 mph30 mph40 mph50 mph Ideal2 car lengths345 Wet4 car lengths6810 Gravel4 car lengths6810 Packet snow6 car lengths912 Ice12 car lengths18

15. ACTIVITY  Read page 106 – 109 Drive Right  Get into groups of 5  Discuss and write a situation that can result in drivers becoming angry. Show different degrees of anger by two or more drivers. Act out situations and discuss how you could respond to the situations.  What causes it?  How do people act?

16. OBJ: IDENTIFY ROADWAY CONDITIONS AND DRIVING SITUATIONS  When are road surfaces the MOST slippery?

17. ROAD CONDITIONS WET ROADS  Drive more slowly  Road surfaces are the MOST slippery the first few minutes after rainfall  When driving through puddles expect your car to pull in the direction the puddle is on. Pump your brakes after driving through one to dry them out.  After driving through a puddle test your brakes

18. ROAD CONDITIONS HYDROPLANING When your tires ride on a film of water and lose contact with the road surface.  Begins to occur at 35 mph  Between 35 and 55 mph the tires begin to lose contact.  At reaching 55+ mph tires lose all contact with the road.  In a heavy rainstorm, try to drive on the highest point of the road  hydroplaning hydroplaning

19. ROAD CONDITIONS SNOW AND ICE Potential dangers include longer night hours, fog, rain, snow, sleet and ice. Necessary precautions include: a) Allowing a proper warm up. b) Remove all ice and snow from your car (you may be liable if ice falls off of your car and causes either and injury or property damage). c) Get the feel of the road- start slow d) Snow tires (studded tires legal from (Nov. 15 th – April 1 st ). e) When starting to move keep engine speed slow- spinning wheels will cause you to skid. ABS- keep foot on brake pedal and don’t pump brakes Conventional- firm, steady pressure on the brake pedal.

20. OTHER ROAD CONDITIONS REDUCED VISIBILITY 1. Frost/Ice- scrape, wipe all windows, turn on defroster 2. Fog- use low beams; use pavement markings and other vehicle lights as guides. 3. Sun Glare- adjust sun visors or wear sun glasses; slow down NO Matter What the REASON- STOP If you cannot see!!

21. OTHER ROAD CONDITIONS NIGHT DRIVING 90 % of driving decisions are based on what a motorist sees while driving. At night, a motorists vision is reduced. To drive safely at night…  Slow down and drive within the range of the vehicles headlights  Don’t over drive your headlights (350 for low beams/500 for high beams).  Use lights when required by law.  Allow more: a) Of a space cushion. b) Distance to complete a stop.

22. OTHER ROAD CONDITIONS NIGHT DRIVING CONT. Keep:  Alert and awake.  Your windshield clean inside and out.  Dash light low to avoid affecting your vision  Your headlights clean. Don’t look directly at an oncoming car lights- shift your eyes down and toward the center of your lane. Dim lights to low beams for on coming traffic Use parking or emergency lights if you have to park on a highway shoulder. Be sure you can stop – within the distance you can see ahead

23. DRIVING SITUATIONS CITY DRIVING More traffic and distractions; try to look at least 12 sec. ahead (about 1 city block). Drive more slowly and be careful for pedestrians HIGHWAY DRIVING Faster speeds/less time to react; easier to lose focus (including highway hypnosis) SECONDARY ROAD DRIVING Usually only 2 lanes; sharper turns and hills; limited sight; animals.

24. DRIVING SITUATIONS RESIDENTIAL More children/pedestrians are present; delivery vehicles. CONSTRUCTION Lane changes; slow moving vehicles; detours, temporary traffic devices including flagmen. **fines doubled**

25. ACTIVITY Road Rage Raps  Group of 4-5 people  Create a rap based off of a already existing songs beat  Everyone must participate somehow (rapping, beat boxing, drumming, dancing, etc.)  Raps must be at least 1 minute long  Write the raps on a piece of paper  Rap about the dangers of road rage, what you can do to prevent it, etc.

26. OBJ: IDENTIFY COLLISIONS AND REACTING TO DRIVING PROBLEMS  What are some problems that can occur while driving?

27. REACTING TO DRIVING PROBLEMS IGNITION SYSTEM A motorist in an emergency situation many attempt to turn off the vehicle while it’s still in motion.  Never turn the ignition to lock position while the vehicle is in motion.  The steering will lock and the motorist will lose control of the vehicle.  Permits key removal only when in park

28. REACTING TO DRIVING PROBLEMS SKIDS CAUSES?  Sudden turns / lane changes  Hard braking  More common on wet and/or icy roads HOW DO YOU HANDLE IT?  Foot off of accelerator  Steer in direction rear end is heading (into the skid)  Look in the direction you want to go *If the rear end of the vehicle starts to slide, take your foot off the gas pedal *A vehicle may spin if the steering wheel is quickly turned away from the direction of the skid

29. REACTING TO DRIVING PROBLEMS EMERGENCY STOPS KEEP SEVERAL BASIC POINTS IN MIND  Pull over as far as you can  Make yourself and car as visible as possible PULLING OVER  Paved shoulder: Allows you to pull over at or near traffic speed  Unpaved shoulder: Slow to a safe speed before pulling over!

30. REACTING TO DRIVING PROBLEMS EMERGENCY STOPS VISIBILITY!  Turn on lights/emergency flashers  Raise hood  Flares/warning instruments  Tie white cloth to car MAKE YOURSELF AS VISIBLE AS POSSIBLE!

31. REACTING TO DRIVING PROBLEMS RUNNING OFF THE PAVEMENT If a vehicles wheel’s drift onto the shoulder of the road, do not try to turn back onto the pavement right away. This could throw the vehicle off balance.  Stay on shoulder  Gradually slow down  At 25 MPH or less, steer ¼ turn towards roadway

32. REACTING TO DRIVING PROBLEMS CAR FIRES Most caused by short circuits in the electrical system – never try to put out  Get out  Get away  Call for help

33. REACTING TO DRIVING PROBLEMS PLUNGING INTO WATER  Vehicles will float 3-10 minutes  Open windows immediately  Sinks nose (front end) first

34. REACTING TO DRIVING PROBLEMS BRAKE FAILURE Conventional or drum disk  shift to lower gear and pump the brake pedal fast and hard several times (this could build up enough pressure to stop the vehicle)  If that doesn’t work, the parking brake should be used while holding the brake so the wheels lock up and the vehicle will skid.

35. REACTING TO DRIVING PROBLEMS TIRE BLOWOUT  Grip the steering wheel  Keep vehicle straight while gradually slowing down  Remove foot from gas and don’t use the brakes  Vehicle should coast to a stop  Coast to a safe area*

36. REACTING TO DRIVING PROBLEMS POWER STEERING FAILURE  Keep firm grip on the wheel  Bring vehicle to stop in a safe area HEADLIGHT FAILURE  Safely bring the vehicle to a stop in safe area off the roadway  Try the headlights or dimmer switches  Put hazards or turn signals on

37. REACTING TO DRIVING PROBLEMS GAS PEDAL PROBLEMS  Keep eyes on the road & shift to neutral  Steer the vehicle to a safe area off the roadway  Turn engine off and call for help

38. COLLISIONS AVIODING COLLISIONS If a motorist sees that they are going to hit something, one of three things should be done:  Stop quickly - (conventional brakes) pump the brakes to gain better control of steering. (ABS brakes) will adjust automatically to prevent wheel lock up. The motorist can put max pressure without pumping the brakes.  Turn quickly – If a motorist can’t stop in time, turn away and drive off the road. Try not to brake to lessen skid chance. Don’t brake hard if turning onto a shoulder to lessen skid and loss of control.  Speed up- When another motorist is about to hit you from the side or behind, speeding up may be necessary to get out of danger. Slow down once out of danger.

39. COLLISIONS LAST MINUTE CHOICES  Turn away from oncoming traffic, even if it means leaving the road  Driving off the road, rather than skidding, gives the motorist more control of the vehicle What to hit first?  Hit something moving in the same direction as you  Hit something not moving (tree, parked car, median)  Last option- hit coming straight on at you If collision is unavoidable, try to make a glancing blow  A sideswipe will slow the vehicle

40. COLLISIONS REAR  Be ready to apply brakes to avoid being pushed into a vehicle ahead  Brace your body and press head against head rest SIDE  Keep a tight grip on the wheel to prevent being thrown against the side of the vehicle  Be ready to turn fast, so that if the vehicle spins you are ready to control it HEAD ON  Use arms and hands to protect face if wearing a seat belt and the vehicle has airbags

41. ACTIVITY  Finish road rage raps  Perform  Next weeks agenda *review & test*