1. IMMIGRATION AND REFUGEE CRISIS Students :Makridou Klelia, Nomikou Maria, Poulianiti Katerina, Sarlamis Manolis May 2016 - English

2. Refugees, Migrants & IDP’s Refugees Geneva Convention on Refugees 1951 A refugee, is a person who is outside their country of citizenship because they have well-founded grounds for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, and is unable to obtain sanctuary from their home country or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country. Migrants Migrants choose to move not because of a direct threat of persecution or death, but mainly to improve their lives by finding work, or in some cases for education, family reunion, or other reasons. IDP’s Internally displaced persons, or IDPs, are among the world’s most vulnerable people. Unlike refugees, IDPs have not crossed an international border to find sanctuary but have remained inside their home countries.

3. Non- refoulement principle Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 Article 33 ‘‘No Contracting State shall expel or return (“refouler”) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.’’ EU-Turkey agreement For every Syrian sent back to Turkey, the EU will resettle one Syrian refugee from Turkey. The deal is ethically, politically, and practically flawed “Refoulement” (forcible return) is forbidden by international law Potential violation of EU law on issues such as detention and the right to appeal Serious risk of human rights abuse

4. Syrian Refugee Crisis Facts & Figures The world's largest humanitarian crisis since World War II Around 250,000 people have been killed and 13.5 million people are in urgent need of humanitarian assistance inside Syria Internally displaced people: 7.6 million One in five Syrians is now a refugee in a neighboring country Number of refugees -registered & awaiting registration: 4,598,594 Gulf countries have offered zero resettlement places to Syrian refugees. Other high income countries including Russia, Japan, Singapore and South Korea have also offered zero resettlement places. Excluding Germany and Sweden, the remaining 26 EU countries have pledged around 30,903 resettlement places, or around 0.7% of the Syrian refugee population in the main host countries

5. Europe facing the Syrian Refugee Crisis What Europe should do Demonstrate global leadership, collective action, and solidarity with refugees Increase safe and legal channels into the EU to reduce demand for smuggling and dangerous journeys Guarantee adequate reception conditions, as required by EU law Ensure that the new asylum “hotspots” respect asylum seekers’ and migrants’ rights Agree to a permanent relocation mechanism Replace the Dublin Regulation Ensure that any efforts to “externalize” migration management do not worsen access to protection and respect for human rights

6. MANAGING THE REFUGEE CRISIS THE HOTSPOT APPROACH AND THE RELOCATION SCHEME IN ORDER TO MANAGE EXCEPTIONAL MIGRATORY FLOWS - What is a Hotspot? The establishment of EU-run reception centres in frontline member states like and to identify and fingerprint migrants and refugees. - fingerprinting of all migrants - selection and relocation of asylum applicants - establishment of adequate reception capacities. - swift return, voluntary or forced, of people not in need of international protection and who do not therefore qualify for relocation.

7. Where are the Hotspots? ‘To where can I be relocated? Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden. What is relocation? ’ Relocation is the transfer of asylum seekers who are in clear need of international protection from one EU Member State to another European state. Their asylum application will only be examined once the relocation has taken place. Currently, relocation is possible from Italy and Greece.

8. ‘Can I choose the country to which I will be relocated? No, it is not possible to choose the country to which you are relocated. What support and resources are provided? The operational support provided under the Hotspot approach, will concentrate on registration, identification, fingerprinting and debriefing of asylum seekers, as well as return operations. Those claiming asylum will be immediately channelled into an asylum procedure where EASO support teams will help to process asylum applications as quickly as possible. For those who are not in need of protection, Frontex will help Member States by coordinating the return of irregular migrants. Europol and Eurojust will assist the host Member State with investigations to dismantle smuggling and trafficking networks

9. PROBLEMS - Only 89 Eritreans and Syrians transferred from Italy to Scandinavia so far - Most of the more than 600,000 people who have arrived by sea to Italy and Greece this year avoided being fingerprinted and made their own way to northern Europe - lack of organisation / shortages of interpreters, police officers and fingerprint scanning equipment - Closing of borders (Sweden, Hungary, Chech Republic) - Lack of information provided to refugees about their options - Turkey's unwilligness to help reduce the migratory flows

10. children refugees

11. Almost 370,000 children sought asylum in the E.U. in 2015 (source : EUROSTAT)

12. An average of 2 children have drowned every day since September 2015 (source : IOM, UNHCH, UNICEF)

14. Total number of drowned children UNKNOWN

15.  90,000 children refugees in the E.U. unaccompanied.  Number quadrupled since 2014.  Most of them from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq. (source : EUROSTAT)

16. Main destination : Germany, Sweden, Hungary, Austria (Germany 137,000 – highest number in absolute terms Sweden 35,000 – highest as a proportion of population) (source : EUROSTAT)

17. 2016 ?

18. 10,000 child refugees HAVE GONE MISSING human trafficking, prostitution, child labour, drugs (source : EUROPOL)

20. CRITICISM ON THE EU’S RESPONSE TO REFUGEE-MIGRANT CRISIS

21. European Migration Agenda Temporary relocation system for the redistribution of asylum seekers between EU member states based on criteria such as population, GDP, unemployment. etc The «hotspot approach» Operational upgrade of FRONTEX and use of military forces Introduction of a common list of safe third countries (Western Balkans, Turkey) Emergent funding for member states facing increased flows such as Greece and Italy. Foundation of Asylum and Migration Fund

22. Has Europe effectively assumed responsibility in compliance with its founding principles? Despite the importance of institutional, legal and financial enhancement by the European Migration Agenda, the majority of EU members states are characterized by unwillingness of equitable burden sharing and lack of interstate solidarity. The adoption of the hotspot approach has led to a more organized management of flows and comprehensive implementation of the EU asylum legislation. However, the dominant image is a lack of administrative and judicial capacities specially at the frontline EU members states, and a severe degradation in human rights of refugees and migrants

23. The operational upgrade of FRONTEX consists a positive factor, but without important influence in the field of internal affairs of EU members states and results in the prevention of deaths from drowning. Moreover, military operations of EUNAVFOR in Libya and NATO in the Aegean Sea have signaled a militarization of the refugee-migrant crisis and proved rather ineffective in their main goal of tackling the smugglers networks Appointing the status of safe third country to Western Balkans and Turkey has led to a perspective shifting of asylum procedures from the EU states to third countries, while there are many negative reports of UNHCR and NGO’s regarding the lack of respect of fundamental rights of refugees and migrants

24. Conclusion Priority given to the preservation of internal security of EU member states, focused on border controls and military patrols, fences and time-consuming asylum procedures, instead of ensuring full compliance with fundamental human rights standards and European principles. «We Europeans should remember well that Europe is a continent where nearly everyone has at one time been a refugee. Our common history is marked by millions of Europeans fleeing from religious or political persecution, from war, dictatorship, or oppression». (Jean- Claude Junker November 2015)

25. Thanks for your attention !!