1. HOLOCAUST REVIEW Anti-Semitism & Immigration of refugees Buchenwald- example of one of the first and largest concentration camps in 1937, without gas killed 200,000 prisoners by work & conditions Poland was the most heavily concentrated with camps, as over 90% of their Jews were killed

2. ISOLATIONISM Early on- 1934 Nye Committee suggests that the U.S. entered WWI because of arms manufacturers profits European countries decide to not repay war debts America First Committee opposed any intervention or aid Oppositely, the Fight for Freedom committee wanted to repeal all isolationist neutrality laws

3. NEUTRALITY? Neutrality Acts of 1937 (no sale of arms) Neutrality Acts of 1939 (cash & carry only) To break this, FDR gives destroyers for bases Lend-Lease to follow (vital to US Defense)

4. 1940 Breaks precedent set by George Washington

5. JUNE 1941 Germany invades Soviet Union (breaking the pact) Churchill and FDR hate communism, but aid anyone who is fighting Nazism

6. HEMISPHERIC DEFENSE ZONES Wolf pacts sinking ships rapidly To defend British Ships in Atlantic Sets up Navy patrols

7. ATLANTIC CHARTER, AUG 1941 Anchored in Newfoundland Churchill & FDR agree to “a postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of the seas” Late Sept, 15 anti-Axis countries signed FDR pledges to “force an incident… which would justify him in opening hostilities ”

8. “THE INCIDENT” U-boat opens fire on an American destroyer that was sending the British their location FDR prompts a “shoot on sight” policy Germans escalate to torpedoing 2 US ships, one the Reuben James killing 115 sailors