1. ATDM Analytical Methods for Urban Streets Urban Streets Subcommittee Meeting January 10, 2016 David Hale

2. ©2013 LEIDOS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. High-Level Project Objectives  Provide new urban street ATDM methodologies, data sets, and content for the HCM −build on recent studies inside and outside the HCQS −to the extent possible, measures and data used in this work will be based upon existing sources, methodologies, and projects −major new data collection is not anticipated  This content… −will be used to develop “ATDM for Urban Streets” chapter in the HCM −may potentially be incorporated within other chapters 2

3. ©2013 LEIDOS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The Challenges… and Solutions  Variability in impacts (throughput, delay) of applying a strategy at different times −Monte-Carlo scenario analysis; SHRP2 L04 & L08 frameworks  Because some ATDM strategies target individual decisions, their impacts may be systemic −Discuss performance measures with stakeholders −System-wide input adjustments −Calibration and/or sensitivity analysis of HCM input parameters  Impacts of an ATDM strategy may be dependent on unique location characteristics −Consider multiple testbeds −Consider 2+ field deployments −Get stakeholder input  The role of field data versus simulation −Simulation may be used to fill the gaps where field data are lacking −Continually evaluate how much time and effort to spend on simulation and original research 3

4. ©2013 LEIDOS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Schedule and Milestones due date 4 Task 1 Project Management and Work Plan ongoing Task 2 Tech Memo on Existing Methodologies Dec 10 th Task 3 Final Peer Review Group List Jan 15 th Task 4 Tech Memo on Available Data Sources Feb 1 st Task 5 Tech Memo on System Performance Measures Mar 1 st Task 6 Original Research and Final Report Sep 1 st

5. ©2013 LEIDOS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Recent Related Work 5  Focused mostly on freeways  Before & after ATDM effects  Generated 30 scenarios −Demand, weather, incidents, work zones −Custom ATDM response for each scenario  ATDM strategies −HOT lanes (max volume 1500 vph) −Ramp metering (3% cap. increase) −TIM (up to 10% demand decrease)

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7. ©2013 LEIDOS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7 StrategyInput Adjustments Adaptive SignalsUser assigns capacity adjustment by v/c ratio Reversible LanesDifferent scenarios have different numbers of lanes, based on time of day User assigns “propensity to avoid reversible lanes” Dynamic Lane Groupingv/c-based screening criteria used to identify candidate intersections User assigns capacity adjustment by v/c ratio Congestion PricingUser assigns demand adjustment by v/c ratio Too system-oriented for the HCM? No arterial data available? Dynamic Turn RestrictionDifferent scenarios allow different turns, based on ??? Not realistic without traffic assignment and simulation? No arterial data? Variable Speed LimitsUser assigns speed adjustment by v/c ratio User assigns compliance ratio Different scenarios have different speeds, based on Monte Carlo outcomes Any arterial data available? Adjustment to Urban Street Inputs Existing field data sources, existing simulations, and original research could determine default capacity/demand/speed adjustments

8. ©2013 LEIDOS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8 Performance Measures for ATDM Analysis  Freeway ATDM Report (2013) −VMT-Demand, VMT-Served −VH Traveled, Delay, Entry Delay −Average system speed −VH Delay / Vehicle-Trips −Travel Time Index −Planning Time Index  Urban Streets Level of Service −…is based on “Percent Base Free-Flow Speed” −Perhaps the performance measures for this project should be speed-based

9. ©2013 LEIDOS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9 Temporal Scope for Performance Measures  Freeway ATDM Report (2013) −“When setting the temporal scope (hours of the day, days of the weeks, and weeks of the year) of an ATDM analysis it is easy to overwhelm the critical performance results by mixing them in with hours and days when there is no congestion. Thus just as an HCM analysis usually focuses on the peak period of a weekday, an ATDM analysis should focus on the peak period, but over all of the weekdays in the year.”  However, some arterial strategies (e.g., adaptive signals) work best on “shoulders” of the peak periods −How do we capture shoulder-peak (medium congestion) benefits, without diluting the benefits through off-peak (little or no congestion) period analysis? −16-hour analyses, which exclude 9 pm – 5 am?

10. ©2013 LEIDOS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. First Peer Review Group Meeting (Dec. 3 rd )  16 literature sources donated by peer group members  Pedestrian and bicycle modes should be considered  HCM should integrate new data sources, identify signal control problems  ATDM strategies should leverage CV technology  ATDM strategies of interest to the group −Reactive signals, queue warning, congestion pricing  ATDM strategies likely to be researched −Adaptive signals (and possibly reactive), reversible lanes, dynamic lane use  Consider the current HCM framework for adaptive signals 10

11. ©2013 LEIDOS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Peer Review Group  Select ATDM strategies for this project −Dynamic Speed Control, Truly Dynamic Lane Use, Time-of-Day Dynamic Lane Use, Dynamic Turn Restriction, Variable Speed Limits, Reversible Lanes, Congestion Pricing, Adaptive Signal Control, Queue Warning −Selection criteria: need/popularity, available data, effectiveness  Address key questions −Where are existing data sources and methodologies for urban street ATDM? Does Europe have better-quality examples of arterial ATDM? −How much can aggressive operations strategies improve facility performance? −Which cities and/or researchers are the leaders in arterial ATDM? −Which strategies (and at what levels) produce a target quality of performance? −What is the need for specific ATDM strategies in the HCM? −Which performance measures (and temporal scope) are best for arterial ATDM?  Feedback from this subcommittee? 11