1. Bio-physical principles Apply to your skill

2. 3 parameters that affect projectile motion Angle of release (and air resistance) –Determines SHAPE of trajectory –Parabolic trajectory neglecting air resistance Speed of release –Determines size of projectile’s trajectory –Combination of ANGLE and SPEED determine the projectile’s RANGE Projection height –Difference between height at release and height on landing –Increased projection height = increased flight time

3. In a golf context….. Angle of release is created by what club we use. It is also created by the position of the ball in our stance. Higher clubs such as a 9 and pitching wedge create a higher angle of release. Having the ball further back in your stance creates a higher angle of release. Speed of release is determined but what club you are using or the flight of the ball. The lower the angle of release the greater the speed of release, the higher the angle of release the less speed. e.g. pitching vs driving

4. FUNCTIONS OF LEVERS All levers have 2 functions: They either: 1.Increase the speed at which an object can move with a given effort. E.g. driver as opposed to an iron in golf 2.Increase the resistance that can be moved with a given effort E.g. Bench press – wide arms more force

5. In a golf context…. This biomechanical principle plays a large part in golf. The longer the club the more speed can be generated with the same effort. E.g. drive vs iron Also the longer the lever the more force is generated so we hold a golf club as far up the shaft as possible to create more force.

6. Force summation To gain maximumpower, the force needs to be generated by: Using as many body parts as possible. In the correct sequence (use large muscles first & then the smallest muscles last but fastest). With the correct timing. Though the greatest range of motion.

7. In a golf context….. Force summation is using different muscle groups in a sequence from large to small in the greatest range of motion. During a golf swing the body rotates and the shoulder goes through a full range of motion. Muscle groups such as the trunk, quadriceps, pictorials, biceps, triceps and so on are used to create maximum force. That’s why a good golf swing is fluid and not robotic. Because the sequence is correct and a range of muscles are used.

8. Balance & Stability Line of Gravity Is the vertical line that passes through the centre of gravity to the ground Base of support Line of gravity Centre of gravity

9. Base of support Is the area within an object’s point of contact with the ground. The larger the area the base of support covers, the more stable an object will be. Base of support

10. Principles of Balance Balance is a desirable attribute in the performance of many skills. A body is most stable when the principles of balance are applied 1. Anything can be balanced if its centre of gravity is directly over its base of support 2. The wider the base of support the more balanced or stable the object or body is. 3. The lower the centre of gravity the more balanced or stable the object is. 4. As one body part moves another must move to compensate that movement

11. In a golf context….. Balance is one of the most important parts of the golf swing. Golfers bend at the knees lowering their base of support. The have their feet a shoulder width a part to create a good base of support. The center of gravity is over the base of support at all times. These three things help to create stability which leads to more force being applied.