1. Effects of Chemicals on Fetal Development

2. Alcohol Fetal alcohol syndrome

3. Caffeine Central nervous system stimulation; increased incidence of spontaneous abortion; fetal growth retardation

4. Cigarette Smoke Low birth-weight; increased incidence of spontaneous abortion; nervous system disturbances; increased incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); fetal death.

5. HEAVY METALS

6. Lead Spontaneous abortion; still birth; low birth-weight; neurobehavioral deficits

7. Mercury Central Nervous System Damage

8. ILLEGAL DRUGS

9. Cocaine Increased incidence of spontaneous abortion; uncontrolled jerking motions; paralysis; depressed interactive behavior; poor organizational responses to environmental stimuli

10. Heroine, Methadone Drug addiction and acute narcotic withdrawal symptoms (tremors; excessive, high-pitched crying; and disturbed sleep; low birth-weight)

11. Marijuana Short-term irritability at birth

12. Phencyclidine (PCP) Facial malformations; tremors; low birth-weight

13. MEDICATIONS

14. Aspirin and related medications (in large doses) High blood pressure in lungs; bleeding at birth

15. Oral Contraceptives and Steroids Abnormal sexual development; masculinization; advanced bone age

16. Tetracyclines (antibiotics) Inhibition of bone growth; discoloration of teeth

17. Tylenol (Acetaminophen) Renal failure

18. NUTRIENT OVERDOSES

19. Vitamin A Small, underdeveloped brain; oversized brain with abnormal function; spontaneous abortion

20. Vitamin D Bone abnormalities; calcium deposits in blood vessels; heart damage

21. Iodine Damaged thyroid gland, abnormal metabolism