2. MUTATIONS

3. Intro video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GieZ3pk9YVo

4. Mutations Mutations are changes in the DNA changes can be bad, good, or have no affect at all these changes can affect DNA, mRNA, proteins and traits

5. A change in reproductive cells can only be passed on to the next generation A change in body cells can not be passed on to the next generation but can cause cancer or cell death

6. Causes of Mutations 1.mistake during replication 2.Environmental: UV, chemicals, pollutants, radiation, high temperatures etc. and mutagens(agent which can cause change in DNA)

7. Types of Gene Level Mutations 1. Point Mutation-change in a single base pair i.e. The dog bit the cat. Mutation The dog bit the car. this mutation changes the meaning of the “sentence” which can result in the wrong protein created Ex. Sickle Cell

8. Point Mutations One base change can change the meaning of the whole protein THEFATCATANDTHEREDRATRAN THEFATCARANDTHEREDRATRAN THEFATCATENDTHEREDRATRAN OR Does this change the sentence? A LITTLE!

9. Frame Shift Mutation Frameshift Mutation-a single base pair is added or deleted. i.e. The dog bit the cat. Mutation The dob itt hec at. It causes a change in the reading frame Have more significant affects than point mutations Ex of diseases Tay Sachs, Cystic Fibrosis

10. Frameshift Mutations Add or delete one or more bases changes the meaning of the whole protein THEFATCATANDTHEREDRATRAN THEFATCANTANDTHEREDRATRAN THEFATCAANDTHEREDRATRAN OR Add one!Delete one! Does this change the sentence? A LOT!

11. Genetic Conditions Genetic disorders caused by mutations can be: autosomal or somatic/body cells. They can be dominant or recessive which can occur during mitosis on one of the 22 pairs of chromosomes Or Sex linked or gametes. They can be dominant or recessive which can occur during meiosis on chromosome 23

12. VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LItSsVJPQEY (cystic fibrosis) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LItSsVJPQEY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CaWoeRY-gJY (tay sachs) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CaWoeRY-gJY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYOK-yzUWSI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSqXjqIclAI Unique mutations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSqXjqIclAI

13. DNA does a remarkable job repairing itself Mutation name game… http://www.nature.ca/genome/04/041 3_e.cfm