1. Review on Mechanisms of Evolution. I bolded the correct answers. Objectives: Knowing and understanding the terminology that describes these mechanisms. Applying it

2. The challenge is To use the vocabulary learned. To apply this vocabulary. Remember. The student must provide Complete thorough answer for full points. (3 points on the Keystones) This includes using the terminology appropriately. Partial answers (2 on the Keystones) Impartial incomplete answers (1 on Keystones) Mr. Lavery feels the difference between Impartial 1 and Partial 2 is subjective, depends on the what you say, how you say it, and what the grader had for breakfast. Best thing to do is write something!!! Do not take a zero.

3. 33. Use the circle graphs below to answer the question. The graphs illustrate change in a lizard population over time. Which process most likely led to the change in the lizard population? A.natural selection for a trait that is beneficial to lizards B.natural selection against a trait that is beneficial to lizards C.artificial selection for a trait that is beneficial to lizards D.artificial selection against a trait that is beneficial to lizards

4. 34. In North America, the eastern spotted skunk mates in late winter, and the western spotted skunk mates in late summer. Even though their geographic ranges overlap, the species do not mate with each other. What most likely prevents these two species from interbreeding? A.Habitat isolation B.Gametic isolation C.Geographic isolation D.Reproductive isolation

5. 35. A mutation occurs in the genes that code for coat color in deer. Which change will most likely result from this mutation? A.A change in the selection pressures acting on coat color. B.A change in the coat-color genes of deer predator species. C.An increase in coat-color diversity in the population. D.An increase in the number of genes for coat color in the population

6. Matching 1.Allele C. 2.PhenotypeE. 3.EvolutionD. 4.Natural SelectionB. 5.Allele FrequencyA. 6.PopulationG. 7.Genetic DriftF. 8.MigrationH. A.How commonly an allele occurs in a population B.Alleles that aid survival are passed on C.Version of gene D.Change in allele frequencies over time E.Physical trait F.Allele changes due to chance events G. group of organisms of same species H.Movement of individual into or out of a population

7. Matching 9. Founder effect B. 10. Population BottleneckA. 11. SpeciesC. 12. SpeciationG. 13. Geographical IsolationE. 14. Reproductive IsolationD. 15. Isolating Mechanisms F. A.When an entire population is reduced to a just a few individuals B.Decrease in gene variation in population C.Group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring D.Prevents members from mating with others E.Divides to populations by a geographical barrier F.A physical or behavioral trait that prevents mating between species G.Formation of a new genetically Distinct species

8. A new bee species, which pollinate a particular flower arises from a larger bee population that pollinates a different type of flower. Explain why natural selection would favor the evolution of isolating mechanisms between the two species.

9. Answer to slide 7 Each bee species is adapted to pollinate a specific type of flower. If bees from the two species mated, their offspring might not be able to pollinate either flower type very well. Isolating mechanisms prevent bees of both species from producing offspring that are less able to survive in their environment. These mechanisms ensure that offspring have the adaptations of their parents and help the parents’ alleles to be passed on to future generations.

10. Which of the following is a result of cheetah’s having gone through a population bottleneck? A.The cheetah species is more likely to become extinct. B.Mutations occur more frequently in the cheetah genome. C.Individual cheetahs have different alleles for many genes. D.The cheetah population cannot increase past a certain size.

11. Which description is the best example of a population? A. all of the red foxes in a forest B. all of the red foxes in every forest C. all of the organisms in a forest D. all of the organisms in every forest

12. A population of squirrels was separated during the formation of the Grand Canyon. Over time the squirrels, separated by the canyon walls and the Colorado River, became unique species. Which mechanism most likely caused the development of the new species? A. habitat preference B. increased gene flow C. geographic isolation D. behavioral isolation

13. Natural selection acts only on phenotypes, but it ultimately affects the genotypes of an entire population. Explain how this is true in terms of the peppered moth from the industrial revolution in the UK.

14. Answers to slide 13 Evolution is a change in allele frequencies in a population. That is, evolutionary change occurs at the genetic level across a population as a whole. Because more black moths than gray moths survived to reproduce, the moth population gradually became darker over several generations. The trees changed color because of the environmental factors; the color change was not due to a change in the genotypes within the tree populations.

15. Explain why the change in color of the peppered moth is an example of evolution, but the change in the color of the tree bark in the same region is not.

16. Answers to slide 15 The phenotypes of peppered moths determined how well they survived in the changed environment. It did not matter which alleles, or how many genes, determined the phenotype. Natural selection can “see” phenotype, but not genotype. However, because moth coloration is determined by genotype, selection favoring black moths also favors the alleles that cause this phenotype. By selecting for the black phenotype, the relevant alleles increase throughout the moth population.