1. Growth and Conflict Unit 1 Chapter 2

2. Essential Questions 1.) How does our current government structure and operations reflect the events of our countries early history (Presidencies of Washington through Monroe)? 2.) What caused increased immigration from Europe at the beginning of the 1800s and how did Americans responds?

3. Lecture IV: Growth of America A. Key Events in our Early History 1. George Washington’s Presidency  Developed cabinet of advisors – Thomas Jefferson = Secretary of State – Alexander Hamilton = Secretary of the Treasury  Political parties are established over fighting about the constitutionality of the creation of the Bank of the US – Jefferson established the Democratic –Republicans (strong State govts) – Hamilton and Adams lead the Federalists (strong Federal govt)  Retires after two terms establishing the “no third term rule”

4. 2. John Adams Presidency (1796)  Alien and Sedition Act (1798) -Limit power of Dem-Rep party by taking away freedom of speech -New immigrants had to wait longer to become citizens and have the right to vote  Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions -Passed in response to A-S Acts -Nullify acts of government that violate your rights

5. B. Key Events of the early 1800s 1. Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency  Marbury v. Madison (1803) -Supreme Court case that established Judicial Review -Supreme Court has the power to determine if laws are constitutional  Louisiana Purchase (1803) -Doubled the size of the U.S -Lewis and Clark Expedition -Marks the beginning of westward expansion to the Pacific

7. James Madison and the War of 1812

8. 2. James Monroe’s Presidency  Missouri Compromise (1820) -Missouri became a slave state and Maine a free state -Maintained balance in Congress  Monroe Doctrine (1823) -Warning to Europe to stay out of the western hemisphere

9. Missouri Compromise (1820)

10. 3. Growth of America in the 1800s  Industrial Revolution -Increased immigration = cheap labor supply -New technology -Better methods of transportation -Growth of cities  Discrimination against Immigrants - Nativism emerged; dislike of immigrants -Know Nothing Party opposed immigration

11. Nativist Political Cartoon

12. Factories and Working Conditions

13. Review and Summarize Your Learning Step 1: Read through your notes and create questions on left hand side of your Norco Notes. You may create headings if you prefer. Step 2: Complete the summary section of your Norco Notes. Make sure you answer the essential questions and include the highlighted vocabulary.

14. Essential Question 1.) What political and social issues were created as a result of America’s growth and movement westward?

15. Lecture V: Growth, Reform and Division A. Andrew Jackson’s Presidency 1. Election of 1828  Decrease in voting restrictions; no longer had to own property to vote  Represented the rise of the common man 2. Tariffs and Nullification Controversy (1830)  South Carolina nullified the Tariff of 1828  Issue – Individual rights of states vs. federal power  Andrew Jackson used military to force S.C. to pay taxes 3. Bank War  Jackson hated the Bank of the US  Removed all federal funds from the B.U.S forcing it to close  Major show of presidential power 4. Indian Removal Act (1830)  Act forced Cherokee off their Georgia homeland  Cherokee fought removal in the Supreme Court and won  Jackson refused to recognize ruling and ordered the forced removal of the Cherokee to Oklahoma in what became known as the Trail of Tears

17. Indian Removal and Trail of Tears

18. Jackson’s War on the Bank of the US

19. Whig Political Cartoon

20. B. Reform Movements of the 1800s 1. 2 nd Great Awakening  Religious movement in the early 1800s that led to new churches and a focus on reforming American society 2. Social Reforms  Temperance Societies -Christian women worked to end the consumption of alcohol in America  Abolition Organizations -Abolition groups attempted to end the practice of slavery in America  Women’s Rights -Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton held the first women’s rights meeting at Seneca Falls, New York -Wrote the Declaration of Sentiments modeled on the Declaration of Independence -Women’s equality and suffrage

21. Carrie Nation and the American Temperance Society

22. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Declaration of Sentiments We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. Whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of those who suffer from it to refuse allegiance to it, and to insist upon the institution of a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Such has been the patient sufferance of the women under this government, and such is now the necessity which constrains them to demand the equal station to which they are entitled.

23. Abolition Movement

24. C.Westward Migration 1. Manifest Destiny  Belief that Americans had the god given right to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific; spreading democracy  Fueled by cheap land out west, Texas independence, the settling of the Oregon boundary dispute with England and the CA gold rush in 1849

25. Oregon Trail

26. Texas Wins Independence from Mexico

27. Oregon Territory and Boundary Dispute 49 th Parallel

28. 2. Mexican-American War (1846)  President James K. Polk provoked war with Mexico in order to gain more land  Treaty of Gaudalupe Hidaldgo (1848) -Ended the war -Mexico was forced to sell the U.S. half of its territory (present day CA, NM, UT, AZ, NV, CO, WY,) for $15 million

29. Review and Summarize Your Learning Step 1: Read through your notes and create questions on left hand side of your Norco Notes. You may create headings if you prefer. Step 2: Complete the summary section of your Norco Notes. Make sure you answer the essential questions and include the highlighted vocabulary.

30. Essential Questions 1.) How did the Emancipation Proclamation and the Gettysburg Address provide a moral purpose for the war? 2.) Was Reconstruction successful in assisting former slaves in gaining their rights as Americans?

31. Lecture VI: The Civil War and Reconstruction A. Slavery and Westward Expansion 1. Compromise of 1850  CA would become a free state  Harsh Fugitive Slave Act  Hundreds of slaves attempted to runaway to freedom on the Underground Railroad 2. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)  Repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820  Allowed for popular sovereignty in NE and KS to decide if they were going to have slaves  Violent fighting broke out in Kansas and in Congress between antislavery and proslavery forces over the issue of slavery

32. Canning of Senator Charles Sumner by Representative Preston Brooks in Congress

33. B. The Union Dissolves 1. Dred Scott Case (1857)  Supreme Court ruled that Scott was property and therefore had no right to sue for his freedom; being in a free territory does not make a slave free 2. Election of 1860  Republican Abraham Lincoln won election promising no extension of slavery 3. Formation of the Confederate States of America  Jefferson Davis led South Carolina and eleven other States in seceding from the Union  Believed that the election of Lincoln threatened States’ rights (slavery)

34. C.The Civil War 1.Firing on Ft. Sumter (April 1861)  South attacked officially starting the war 2.North vs. South  North (Union) – $, industry, organized milt., lg. pop.  South (CSA) – Superior military leadership 3.Emancipation Proclamation (January 1863)  Freed slaves in liberated states 4.Gettysburg Address (November 1863)  “…that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom…” 5.Surrender at Appomattox (April 1865)

37. D.Rebuilding America 1. Reconstruction  The physical and political rebuilding of the US after the Civil War; re- integrating the South into the Union 2. Lincoln’s Assassination (April 1865)  Assassinated by Southern sympathizer John Wilkes Booth 3. Freedmen’s Bureau  Provided education for former slaves; President Andrew Johnson vetos 4. Reconstruction Amendments  13 th Amend. – Made slavery illegal  14 th Amend. – Made discrimination illegal  15 th Amend. – Gave African American males the right to vote

38. E.End of Reconstruction 1. Election of 1876/ Compromise of 1877  No clear winner in electoral college between Republican Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel Tilden  Compromise worked out between Republicans and Democrats that brought an end to Reconstruction -Rutherford B. Hayes received the presidency -Democrats got an end to Reconstruction 2. African Americans after Reconstruction  Lost political power gained during Reconstruction  Black Codes took away African Americans civil rights  Most African Americans remained in the south working as sharecroppers and tenant farmers

39. Hiram Revels First African American Senator Rise of the KKK Sharecropping Lynchings

40. Review and Summarize Your Learning Step 1: Read through your notes and create questions on left hand side of your Norco Notes. You may create headings if you prefer. Step 2: Complete the summary section of your Norco Notes. Make sure you answer the essential questions and include the highlighted vocabulary.